Transport and sedimentation of solid particles in Bénard hexagonal cells

The motion of particles moving under gravity in the velocity field of a liquid in a Bénard hexagonal cell is studied experimentally and numerically for Stokes flow conditions. We then explain the settlement of particles in the centers of cells to form a regular quincunx. It is found that sedimentation also occurs preferentially along the lines connecting the centers of adjacent cells to form a triangle deposition tessellation. Finally, it is explained why particles occupy the central part of each convective cell while the peripheral part of the cell quickly becomes limpid. Numerical results are in agreement with the experimental observations of Bénard and those of the present study.     

Polymer and surface roughness effects on the drag crisis for falling spheres

We make time resolved velocity measurements of steel spheres in free fall through liquid using a continuous ultrasound technique. We explore two different ways to induce large changes in drag on the spheres: 1) a small quantity of viscoelastic polymer added to water and 2) altering the surface of the sphere. Low concentration polymer solutions and/or a pattern of grooves in the sphere surface induce an early drag crisis, which may reduce drag by more than 50% compared to smooth spheres in pure water. On the other hand, random surface roughness and/or high concentration polymer solutions reduce drag progressively and suppress the drag crisis. We also present a qualititative argument which ties the drag reduction observed in low concentration polymer solutions to the Weissenberg number and normal stress difference.     

Particle-laden viscous thin-film flows on an incline: Experiments compared with a theory based on shear-induced migration and particle settling

Particle settling in driven viscous films is a complex physical process involving different physical effects. A recent analysis by Cook (2008) [10] has identified a balance between hindered settling and shear-induced migration as the dominant large scale physics for particle/liquid separation. However, experimental data for this has been lacking. This paper presents new data including the role of particle size and liquid viscosity showing clear agreement with the theory. We discuss the role of timescales in the dynamics of the experiment and present results from a dynamic model.     

轴流式喷水推进器泵级内部流场的数值计算

采用数值计算的方法,研究了轴流喷水推进器泵级模型的内部三维紊流流场和性能。计算针对泵级的进口到喷水推进器的出口进行,包括进水区域、叶轮、导流壳区域的泵级整个流道。采用结构网格对计算区域进行剖分,应用NUMECA软件对控制方程进行求解。选用Spalart-Allmaras一方程紊流模型,使用时间推进法计算流场中的流动参数。并根据流场计算结果对泵级的流量-扬程特性和流量-效率特性进行了预测。计算与实验结果对比表明,二者取得了较好的一致,说明采用的计算方法具有较好的可信性及较高的计算精度。根据流场计算结果,对泵级的性能进行了分析。     

水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流计算

1引言本文利用两相流动的多流体模型和k－。－A。两相索流模型计算水轮机转轮内部的三维固液两相紊流。在索流两相流动的多流体即多连续介质模型中，离散相看成是Euler坐标中处理的拟流体。与小滑移和无泪移模型不同的是，多流体模型可以分别考虑大滑移和离散颗粒扩散，其间无直接联系，并且能够充分考虑离散相质量、动量及能量的湍流扩散山本文利用速度压力校正法之一：SIMPLEC法进行数值计算。该法最早使用在S．VPatankar和D．B．Snalding在1972年提出的SIMPLE算法中间，本文将其推广到具有交错网格的非正交贴体坐标系中计算三维…     

Front roughening in three-dimensional imbibition

We investigate the structure and dynamics of the interface between two immiscible liquids in a three-dimensional disordered porous medium. We apply a phase-field model that includes explicitly disorder and discuss both spontaneous and forced imbibition. The structure of the interface is dominated by a length scale ξ_× which arises from liquid conservation. We further show that disorder in the capillary and permeability act on different length scales and give rise to different scalings and structures of the interface properties. We conclude with a range of applications.     

The effects of time delay on the decline and propagation processes of population in the Malthus-Verhulst model with cross-correlated noises

This contribution presents a derivation of the steady-state distribution of velocities and distances of driven particles on a onedimensional periodic ring, using a Fokker-Planck formalism. We will compare two different situations: (i) symmetrical interaction forces fulfilling Newton’s law of “actio = reactio” and (ii) asymmetric, forwardly directed interactions as, for example in vehicular traffic. Surprisingly, the steady-state velocity and distance distributions for asymmetric interactions and driving terms agree with the equilibrium distributions of classical many-particle systems with symmetrical interactions, if the system is large enough. This analytical result is confirmed by computer simulations and establishes the possibility of approximating the steady state statistics in driven many-particle systems by Hamiltonian systems. Our finding is also useful to understand the various departure time distributions of queueing systems as a possible effect of interactions among the elements in the respective queue [Physica A 363, 62 (2006)].     

The large amplitude oscillatory strain response of aqueous foam: Strain localization and full stress Fourier spectrum

The stochastic motion of a two-dimensional vesicle in linear shear flow is studied at finite temperature. In the limit of small deformations from a circle, Langevin-type equations of motion are derived, which are highly nonlinear due to the constraint of constant perimeter length. These equations are solved in the low-temperature limit and using a mean-field approach, in which the length constraint is satisfied only on average. The constraint imposes non-trivial correlations between the lowest deformation modes at low temperature. We also simulate a vesicle in a hydrodynamic solvent by using the multi-particle collision dynamics technique, both in the quasi-circular regime and for larger deformations, and compare the stationary deformation correlation functions and the time autocorrelation functions with theoretical predictions. Good agreement between theory and simulations is obtained.     

磁流体方腔槽道流整体线性稳定性数值方法研究

将Chebyshev谱配置法和基于非均匀网格的高阶FD-q差分格式运用于磁流体方腔槽道流整体线性稳定性研究,比较两类数值方法的优缺点.Chebyshev谱配置法收敛快且精度高,但需要构造非常庞大的满矩阵,存储量和计算开销巨大;高阶FD-q差分格式采用了基于Kosloff-Tal-Ezer变换的Chebyshev谱配置点作为离散网格,在保持较高网格收敛精度的同时,差分格式可以采用稀疏矩阵进行存储,显著降低了存储量和计算开销.相比传统的谱配置法,基于非均匀网格的高阶FD-q差分格式计算效率得到显著的提升,将高阶FD-q差分格式运用于非正则模线性最优瞬态增长的计算,计算效果良好.     

Locally Resolving Measurements of PSD,Particle Concentration and Particle Velocity by Means of TFS with Dual Beams

Transmission fluctuation spectrometry with spatial correlation (TFS‐SC) is based on transmitting two beams of radiation through a flowing suspension, whereby the distance of the beam centers is varied. Thus, the spatial correlation of the transmission fluctuations of the two beams is determined as a function of the beam distance. By numerical modeling, the transition functions of the correlation are found as a function of beam distance, beam diameters, particle diameter and beam intersection angle. Experimentally determined spatial correlation spectra can be inverted to obtain the particle concentration and particle size distribution by using the theoretical transition functions for mono‐sized particles. In addition, time correlations can be used to extract information on particle velocity. Some experimental results obtained by TFS‐SC are presented and discussed. This method appears promising for application in the local resolving of measurements of PSD, particle concentration and particle velocity in two‐phase flows, both in the laboratory and in process control.