轻质泡沫混凝土的劈裂破坏力学行为分析

利用平台巴西圆盘加载方式和钢质压条加载方式,对两种厚度为25mm和50mm、不同密度的轻质泡沫混凝土(400～1000kg/m3)进行巴西圆盘劈裂试验,研究密度和厚度对泡沫混凝土裂纹宽度、劈裂强度、断裂韧度、断裂能的影响规律。结果表明,在橡胶垫平台巴西圆盘和钢质压条加载方式下,其劈裂断裂特征大致分为四个阶段:线性弹性段、非线性弹性段、起裂阶段、失稳阶段。同样加载率下最大裂纹宽度随着泡沫混凝土密度增加逐渐减小,劈裂拉伸强度、断裂韧度、断裂能呈幂函数形式增加。借鉴Reinhardt非线性软化曲线,对不同密度泡沫混凝土的应力软化关系进行曲线拟合,建立基于拉伸强度、断裂韧度等控制参数的应力-裂纹宽度关系三段式模型。基于试验结果,对理想多孔材料细观力学预测模型进行修正,获得泡沫混凝土孔隙率与拉伸强度的半经验公式。     

Strong dependency of lithium diffusion on mechanical constraints in high-capacity Li-ion battery electrodes

The effect of external constraints on Li diffusion in high-capacity Li-ion battery electrodes is investigated us- ing a coupled finite deformation theory. It is found that thin- film electrodes on rigid substrates experience much slower diffusion rates compared with free-standing films with the same material properties and geometric dimensions. More importantly, the study reveals that mechanical driving forces tend to retard diffusion in highly-constrained thin films when lithiation-induced softening is considered, in contrast to the fact that mechanical driving forces always enhance diffusion when deformation is fully elastic. The results provide further proof that nano-particles are a better design option for next-generation alloy-based electrodes compared with thin films.     

β型烧绿石氧化物超导体AOs2O6 (A=K, Rb) 的 声子软化与超导电性

运用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法, 研究两种β 型烧绿石氧化物超导体AOs₂O₆(A=K, Rb) 的结构稳定性, 声子软化以及与超导电性的关系. 通过计算发现, AOs₂O₆中碱金属原子A(=K, Rb) 沿〈111〉 晶向具有不稳定性, 且以K原子的不稳定性更为突出. 同时, 计算得到的KOs₂O₆在布里渊区中心的声子频率普遍比RbOs₂O₆的低, 使得KOs₂O₆的电声子耦合常数比RbOs₂O₆的大. 本文计算结果表明, 较小的碱金属原子K位于较大的氧笼子中, 活动性较强, 导致声子的软化, 是引起KOs₂O₆具有较强的电声子耦合及较高的超导转变温度的根本原因. 这些结果对解释两种β 型烧绿石氧化物超导体AOs₂O₆(A=K, Rb) 的超导电性具有重要意义.     

基于线性互补模型的梯度塑性连续体无网格方法

对梯度塑性连续体提出了一个归结为线性互补问题的数值分析方法. 塑性乘子与位移均为主要未知变量,并采用基于移动最小二乘的无网格方法分别在积分点与节点上插值. 联立弱形式下的平衡方程与积分点上逐点满足的非局部本构方程和屈服准则可以导出一个线性互补问题,并通过Lexico-Lemke算法求解. 构造了一个基于N-R方法的迭代方案,使得不需要形成一致性切线刚度矩阵而仍保持二阶收敛性. 一维和二维的数值算例证明了所提出的方法处理由应变软化引起的应变局部化问题的有效性.      

The effect of 1,3:2,4-<Emphasis Type="Italic">bis</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>-(<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-methylbenzylidene)-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-sorbitol (PDTS) on uniaxial elongational viscosity of polypropylene

We investigated the dynamic viscoelasticity and elongational viscosity of polypropylene (PP) containing 0.5 wt% of 1,3:2,4-bis-O-(p-methylbenzylidene)-d-sorbitol (PDTS). The PP/PDTS system exhibited a sol–gel transition (T _gel) at 193 °C. The critical exponent n was nearly equal to 2/3, in agreement with the value predicted by a percolation theory. This critical gel is due to a three-dimensional network structure of PDTS crystals. The elongational viscosity behavior of neat PP followed the linear viscosity growth function 3η ⁺ (t), where η ⁺ (t) is the shear stress growth function in the linear viscoelastic region. The elongational viscosity of the PP/PDTS system also followed the 3η ⁺ (t) above T _gel but did not follow the 3η ⁺ (t) and exhibited strong strain-softening behavior below T _gel. This strain softening can be attributed to breakage of the network structure of PDTS with a critical stress (σ _c) of about 10⁴ Pa.     

土的应力-应变关系的一种描述模式

通常将由土的剪切试验测得的应力-应变关系曲线(q～ε1曲线)分为应变硬化型和应变软化型,文中提出了一种能同时描述应变硬化型q～ε1曲线和应变软化型q～ε1曲线的新模式,并导出了统一的切线模量表达式,进一步探讨了该应力-应变关系曲线描述模式在拟合应变硬化型曲线时的简化形式,及简化形式中参数取值方法和参数与围压的关系等方面的问题。通过与邓肯-张模型和应变软化模型的对比,结果表明该应力-应变关系曲线描述模式能更好地与试验数据吻合,且用其简化形式拟合应变硬化型曲线时,可以通过调整其中一个参数值来表达出不同的曲线形式,从而体现出土体应力-应变关系的多样性。该应力-应变关系描述模式为发展更一般的非线性弹性模型提供了一定的理论基础。     

Effect of microstructure on the hardening and softening behaviors of polycrystalline shape memory alloys Part II: Numerical simulation under axisymmetrical loading

Based on the microstructure-based constitutive model established in Part I, a detailed numerical investigation on the role of each microstructure parameter in the kinematical and kinetic evolution of polycrystalline SMA under axisymmetrical tension loading is performed. Some macroscopic constitutive features of stress-induced martensite transformation are discussed. The subject supported by the Research Grant Committee (RGC) of Hong Kong SAR, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China     

Multiscale experimental investigations about the cyclic behavior of the 304L SS

This work follows a series of experiments carried out earlier at INSA of Rouen (Hassan, T., Taleb, L., Krishna, S., 2008. Influence of non-proportional loading paths on ratcheting responses and simulations by two recent cyclic plasticity models. Int. J. Plast. 24, 1863–1889). It investigates the elastoplastic cyclic behavior of a 304L stainless steel at room temperature. In a first step the cross path effect on ratcheting is confirmed, as well as the crucial role of the loading path non-proportionality. Strain controlled tests are also conducted for different strain amplitudes and loading paths. Cross-hardening effect appears more important when the shearing sequence is followed by the axial one. Moreover for alternating axial and shearing cycles, this phenomenon occurs after each crossing sequence leading to a very significant strain hardening, at least of the same order as the one obtained after a circular strain path. Yet, the magnitude of the observed over hardening does not necessarily seem a function of the cumulated plastic strain.     

匀速转动内悬臂梁稳定性研究

本文采用了凯恩简化模型并提出大范围平动和转动共同作用下的连续体梁模型;通过两种模型分析了匀速转动内悬臂梁的稳定性;指出了匀速转动内悬臂梁存在动力柔化现象,动力柔化的原因在于梁的大范围平动;提出了匀速转动内悬臂梁的内转半径和外转半径的概念,指出匀速转动内臂梁的内转半径和外转半径比值存在一定关系时,系统为一阶稳定,研究表明,同时作大范围平动和转动的柔性梁存在柔化和刚化的分界点,需要在实际应用中予以注意。