全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1526篇 |
免费 | 127篇 |
国内免费 | 56篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 480篇 |
晶体学 | 120篇 |
力学 | 82篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
数学 | 9篇 |
物理学 | 1017篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 25篇 |
2017年 | 39篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 133篇 |
2012年 | 61篇 |
2011年 | 170篇 |
2010年 | 95篇 |
2009年 | 111篇 |
2008年 | 90篇 |
2007年 | 110篇 |
2006年 | 100篇 |
2005年 | 63篇 |
2004年 | 77篇 |
2003年 | 61篇 |
2002年 | 47篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 50篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1709条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
The called vibratory instability squeal that appears in narrow curve or in end of braking is today uncontrolled and produced a high pitched noise very intense and unbearable. Many systems have been developed to limit acoustic emissions and particularly the metallic ring damping solution. Attenuation can reach 20 dB depending on the wheel type (Corail, safety wheel, etc.). However, the question is why this system has a various efficiency even on similar wheels and if this solution may be optimized. The aim of this paper is to understand the attenuation mechanisms of the ring dampers. Wheel modes susceptible to squeal are highlighted and numerical models are developed in order to simulate how the acoustic attenuation occur. 相似文献
52.
采用棒管法制备了低羟基含量的Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺氟碲酸盐微结构光纤。当使用波长为1 560 nm的激光器泵浦Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺光纤时,处于Tm~(3+)基态3H6的电子被激发至3F4能级,进一步通过Tm~(3+)和Ho~(3+)间的能量传递过程3F4→3H6(Tm~(3+)):5I8→5I7(Ho~(3+))(能量失配为745 cm-1)布居Ho~(3+)的5I7能级,5I7能级上的电子向5I8能级跃迁发射出2.1μm的光。使用1 560 nm光纤激光器作为泵浦源,18 cm长的Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)氟碲酸盐微结构光纤作为增益介质,获得了波长为2 063 nm的激光输出。所得激光的斜率效率为12.9%,激光阈值为163 m W,未饱和的最大输出功率为40 m W。研究结果表明,Tm~(3+)/Ho~(3+)共掺氟碲酸盐微结构光纤可用于制作2.1μm光纤激光器。 相似文献
53.
T. SuhasiniB.C. Jamalaiah T. ChengaiahJ. Suresh Kumar L. Rama Moorthy 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2012,407(3):523-527
Different concentrations of Ho3+-doped lead borate titanate aluminum fluoride (LBTAFHo) glasses with chemical composition of PbO-H3BO3-TiO2-AlF3-Ho2O3 were prepared by the melt quenching method. The spectral properties were investigated using the absorption, emission and decay measurements. The experimental oscillator strengths were calculated from the area under the absorption bands. Applying Judd-Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters (Ωλ=2, 4, 6) were calculated, by the least square fit approach from which the radiative transition rates, luminescence branching ratios and radiative decay times were determined. The photoluminescence spectra revealed the quenching of luminescence intensity beyond 1.0 mol% of Ho3+ ion concentration. To investigate the luminescence potentiality of 5F4→5I8 emission level, the effective bandwidth and the stimulated emission cross-section were determined. The quenching in experimental decay time is attributed to the resonance energy transfer among the excited Ho3+ ions. 相似文献
54.
Lead scandium phosphate glasses (PbO-Sc2O3-P2O5) containing different concentrations of tungsten oxide (WO3) ranging from 0 to 5 mol% were prepared. A number of studies, viz. differential thermal analysis (DTA), infrared spectra, optical absorption, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra, have been carried out. The results of DTA indicated the highest glass forming ability for the glass containing 5 mol% of WO3. The results of spectroscopic studies have been analyzed in light of different oxidation states of tungsten ions. 相似文献
55.
S. A. Gevelyuk I. K. Doycho L. P. Prokopovich E. Rysiakiewics-Pasek E. D. Safronsky 《辐射效应与固体损伤》2013,168(1-6):427-432
We have studied the influence of multiple carbon treatments on the properties of silica porous glasses. Each step of each carbon treatment started with filling the voids of porous glass with carbon. During the following anneal carbon interacted with the walls of the voids. It was shown that low dimensional silicon clusters were formed inside the voids as a result of this reaction. In the experiments the photoluminescence spectra and conductivity of carbon-processed specimens were measured. The size-distribution of voids in porous glasses was calculated from absorption—desorption isotherms. An original technique was proposed that allowed to obtain the size-distribution of silicon clusters from the positions of peaks in the photoluminescence spectra. Correlation between the photoluminescence intensity and the sizes of pores was revealed. The observed oscillations in the shapes of the photoluminescence spectra in subsequent cycles of carbon treatment are explained by changes of the number of clusters corresponding to definite peaks in the size distribution spectra. 相似文献
56.
The effect of laser irradiation on the optical properties of thermally evaporated Se100?x Te x (x=8, 12, 16) chalcogenide thin films has been studied. The result shows that the irradiation causes a shift in the optical gap. The results have been analyzed on the basis of laser irradiation-induced defects in the film. The width of the tail of localized state in the band gap has been evaluated using the Urbach edge method. As the irradiation time increases, the values of the optical energy gap for all compositions decrease, while tail energy width increases. It is also observed that the optical energy gap decreases with increasing Te content in the alloy. These changes are a consequence of an increment in disorder produced by laser irradiation in the amorphous structure of thin film. 相似文献
57.
《Electrophoresis》2017,38(13-14):1661-1668
The methodological developments and applications of CE related to studying biotransformations of metal‐based nanoscale particles of impending medicinal use are overviewed. This is an update to a previous review article (Aleksenko, S. S., Shmykov, A. Y., Oszwałdowski, S., Timerbaev, A. R., Metallomics 2012, 4 , 1141–1148) and it covers the research papers published within the last five years. As was anticipated in that review, CE can now be seen as a customary technique in the analysis of biomolecular interactions that exert an impact on the mechanism of action of nanoparticles, comprising metabolism, delivery, cell processing, and targeting. Different ways by which the CE method is applied for such monitoring, including conjugation mode, sample preparation, separation, and detection, are critically assessed. Special emphasis is put on examinations using inductively coupled plasma MS detection recent advent of which to the area made CE a versatile speciation tool for biomedical studies of nanomaterials containing metals. 相似文献
58.
Kiran Singhal Dharmendra K. Srivastava 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(8):1673-1678
Abstract Interactions of HgX2 (X = Cl, Br, I, SCN, CN, NCO), SbCl3, TeCl4, and PhTeCl3 with Ph3Sn-O-SiPh3 at room temperature have been found to proceed with the simultaneous cleavage of Sn-O and Si-O bonds, invariably yielding Ph2SnO, Ph3SiX, and the corresponding organo-mercury, -antimony, and -tellurium derivatives. The course of the reactions suggests the instability of the Sn-O-M (M = Hg, Sb, Te) system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT 相似文献
59.
Phosphate glasses with compositions of 44P2O5 + 17K2O + 9Al2O3 + (30 − x)CaF2 + xDy2O3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mol %) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), optical absorption, emission and decay measurements. The observed absorption bands were analyzed by using the free-ion Hamiltonian (HFI) model. The Judd–Ofelt (JO) analysis has been performed and the intensity parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4, 6) were evaluated in order to predict the radiative properties of the excited states. From the emission spectra, the effective band widths (Δλeff), stimulated emission cross-sections (σ(λp)), yellow to blue (Y/B) intensity ratios and chromaticity color coordinates (x, y) have been determined. The fluorescence decays from the 4F9/2 level of Dy3+ ions were measured by monitoring the intense 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 transition (486 nm). The experimental lifetimes (τexp) are found to decrease with the increase of Dy3+ ions concentration due to the quenching process. The decay curves are perfectly single exponential at lower concentrations and gradually changes to non-exponential for higher concentrations. The non-exponential decay curves are well fitted to the Inokuti–Hirayama (IH) model for S = 6, which indicates that the energy transfer between the donor and acceptor is of dipole–dipole type. The systematic analysis of revealed that the energy transfer mechanism strongly depends on Dy3+ ions concentration and the host glass composition. 相似文献
60.
J. P. Bedel J. C. Rouillon J. P. Marcerou M. Laguerre H. T. Nguyen M. F. Achard 《Liquid crystals》2013,40(11):1411-1421
A new homologous series of achiral banana-shaped mesogens ('Dn') has been synthesized and studied by the classical techniques (optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, miscibility studies and electro-optic investigations). The short homologues (D6-D8) exhibit a two-dimensional phase 'B1x' different from a B1 phase with a rectangular lattice. The longer homologues (D9-D14) present a mesophase which displays the defects of the B7 phase of the PIMB-NO2 compounds. Nevertheless the D9-D14 mesophase is not miscible with the B7 phase, and contrary to B7, exhibits a bistable behaviour ('ferroelectric' type) suggesting at least a B7 variant. 相似文献