Applications of chalcogenide glass optical fibers

Chalcogenide-glass fibers based on sulfide, selenide, telluride and their rare-earth-doped compositions are being actively pursued worldwide. Great strides have been made in reducing optical losses using improved chemical purification techniques, but further improvements are needed in both purification and fiberization technology to attain the theoretical optical losses. Despite this, chalcogenide-glass fibers are enabling numerous applications that include laser power delivery, chemical sensing, and imaging, scanning near field microscopy/spectroscopy, IR sources/lasers, amplifiers and optical switches.     

Nanowire‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors

We review recent advances in biosensors based on one‐dimensional (1‐D) nanostructure field‐effect transistors (FET). Specifically, we address the fabrication, functionalization, assembly/alignment and sensing applications of FET based on carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires and conducting polymer nanowires. The advantages and disadvantages of various fabrication, functionalization, and assembling procedures of these nanosensors are reviewed and discussed. We evaluate how they have been used for detection of various biological molecules and how such devices have enabled the achievement of high sensitivity and selectivity with low detection limits. Finally, we conclude by highlighting some of the challenges researchers face in the 1‐D nanostructures research arena and also predict the direction toward which future research in this area might be directed.     

Crystallization and second harmonic generation in thermally poled niobium borophosphate glasses

Crystallization of glasses with compositions (1−x)(0.95 NaPO₃+0.05 Na₂B₄O₇)+xNb₂O₅, x=0.4, 0.43, 0.45, 0.48 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Crystallization of two phases was observed in the glasses with x=0.43-0.48. First phase is a sodium niobate with the structure of tetragonal tungsten bronze () and second phase is Na₄Nb₈P₄O₃₂ (). The crystallization of sodium niobate is correlated with increasing of nonlinear optical efficiency reported for thermally poled glasses with x>0.4. The results of Raman spectroscopy show the formation of three-dimensional (3D) niobium oxide framework in the glasses with increase of niobium concentration. This framework is supposed to have tetragonal tungsten bronze structure and to be responsible for nonlinear optical properties of the glass. Second harmonic generation signals of as prepared and crystallized glass after thermal poling are compared. The nucleation and crystallization do not improve the NLO properties of the glasses under study.     

LaxBa1—xCoO3系导电陶瓷导电性研究

对ＬａｘＢａ１－ｘＣｏＯ导电陶瓷的导电性及其导电机制进行了研究，在ｘ＝０．５ｍｏｌ处，导电陶瓷具有金属态导是性，在Ｌａ０．５Ｂａ０．５ＣｏＯ３陶瓷中，存在着氧缺位和导电电子，并且此种导电陶瓷具有较高的电子和氧离子混合导电特性。     

Structure inhomogeneities of medium-range order in fluorozirconate glasses

Images of cleaved surfaces were obtained for 53ZrF₄-20BaF₂-4LaF₃-3AlF₃-20NaF (ZBLAN) glasses and fused quartz using an NTMDT atomic force microscope. It is shown that the scatter of particle size depends on the cooling rate and is 21–48.5 Å for the cleaved surface of ZBLAN glass obtained by very fast cooling and 68–172 Å for the cleaved surface of ZBLAN after slow cooling. For cleaved fused quartz, the range is 25-18 Å.     

EXAFS studies of cobalt oxides and oxide glasses

The exafs of Co²⁺ has been studied in rare earth cobaltites and in sulphate and borate glasses. It has been found that the environment of Co²⁺ ions is very similar in these cases. It appears feasible to study local structures in glasses using probe ion exafs. Communication No. 151 from the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit.     

FT-EPR Spectroscopic Study of Silicophosphate Glasses Derived from Gels

(100-x) mole% SiO₂-x mole% P₂O₅-glasses withx=1–9 have been prepared by the sol-gel process using tetraethylorthosilicate and triethylphosphate as precursors. The gels were fired at various temperatures up to 950°C and then exposed to γ-ray irradiation to induce paramagnetic centers. CW-EPR and FT-EPR Spectroscopies were employed at temperatures between 4 and 300 K in order to determine the resulting structures. The dried gels exhibited four types of O ₂ ⁻ -ions trapped in pores of different sizes. The gels fired atT=670°C exhibited theE’ ₁-center and non-bridging oxygen as a results of the fracture of the Si-O-Si bonds. At higher temperatures, the spectra of the POHC, POHC ^b ,E’, and CH ₃ ⁻ -centers have been detected that are a function ofx andT.     

过渡金属羰基簇合物的键价计算和分析

本文运用原子簇化合物键价计算公式 ,对过渡金属羰基簇合物成键情况进行了分析 ,利用金属键轨道数 ,价非键轨道数和金属配体成键轨道数计算簇合物价轨道总数 .计算结果表明 :簇合物价轨道总数与金属键轨道数成线性关系 ,BT=9N -Bn.对于一般簇合物其价轨道总数与Lauher的EHMO计算结果 ,与唐敖庆的结构拓扑规则一致 ,对于反常的高核簇合物其价轨道总数与按化学式计算的 1/ 2VE相吻合     

表面活性剂与金属离子的相互作用

烷基硫酸盐(CnS)的抗盐能力很差,在其中引进氧乙烯基(Eo)以后,形成的烷基聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸盐(CnEnS)的抗盐能力明显增强。把CnEnS加到CnS中,形成混合表面活性剂的低温抗盐能力也将明显改善。Doscher、Schott等人认为,CnEnS中的Eo与高价金属阳离子形成了一种“复合物”,这使得CnEnS具有很强的抗盐能力。Chiu则没有发现这种“复合物”。显然,了解CnEmS的抗盐机理,对于该类表面活性剂的理论研究和实际应用,都有重要的意义。