中空TiO_2微球的制备及对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜性能的影响

采用阳离子聚苯乙烯微球作为模板,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,氨水为催化剂,制备了中空TiO_2微球.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及比表面测定仪对其形貌和结构进行了表征,并考察了模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量对中空TiO_2微球形貌的影响.通过物理共混法将其引入至聚丙烯酸酯乳液中并成膜,研究了复合薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能及力学性能.结果表明,锐钛矿相中空TiO_2微球模板粒径、钛源用量以及催化剂用量影响中空TiO_2微球的空心尺寸、壁厚及壳层致密性.中空TiO_2微球可显著提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的保温性能、抗紫外性能和力学性能.采用不同粒径的模板制备的中空TiO_2微球对复合薄膜的各项性能均有影响,其中模板粒径为140 nm时复合薄膜性能最优,光反射率提升63%,导热系数降低27%,且在波长小于360 nm范围内,紫外透过率几乎为0,抗张强度增加100%,断裂伸长率提升62%.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多目标分析生物样品中的微量内分泌干扰污染物

建立了生物样品中9种微量内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的多目标分析方法.采用旋涡振荡-超声波辅助萃取,结合凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)除去大分子有机物干扰,再经硅胶柱层析进一步净化,最后应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测.GPC采用乙酸乙酯-环己烷混合溶液(1:1,V/V)为流动相,选择12~28 mL为目标化合物馏分的收集段;质谱采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式和大气压化学电离源负离子模式,数据采集为多重反应监测模式.方法回收率为65.2%~118.0%,定量限为0.1~9.7 ng/g dw(干重).采用本方法初步分析了珠江水系鲤鱼脊肉中的内分泌干扰污染物,结果表明,除均二苯腺和三氯卡班未被检出外,其它内分泌干扰污染物的含量为0.1~22.6 ng/g dw.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查农药制剂中非法添加的化学杀菌剂

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速筛查农药制剂中35种非法添加化学杀菌剂的方法.农药制剂样品经甲醇超声溶解提取后,采用Zorbax C18色谱柱(100 mm×1.8 mm,2.1μm)进行分离,以0.1%甲酸-乙睛作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子全扫描模式进行分析.在所建立的条件下,35种杀菌剂在0.2,0.4和2.0 mg/kg水平下的添加回收率为81.0%~101.3%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.4%.在100份样品有6份样品中筛查出添加了化学杀菌剂,并进行了含量分析.本方法分析效率高,结果准确可靠,适用于农药制剂中非法添加化学杀菌剂的定性筛查.     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱法直接测定水中10种藻类毒素

建立了全自动在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-线性离子阱串联质谱法直接测定水中10种藻类毒素的方法.利用程序实现多次进样,通过在线固相萃取对藻类毒素进行富集,然后切换六通阀,将富集的目标物冲洗至分析柱进行分离后,进入线性离子阱质谱检测.10种藻类毒素在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限在0.0015~0.0050μg/L之间,3个浓度水平(0.02、0.10和1.00μg/L)的加标回收率为83.7%~98.5%.结果表明,在线固相萃取极大简化了前处理过程,线性离子阱串联质谱法提高了痕量藻类毒素测定的灵敏度,增强子离子扫描(EPI)谱库的建立为藻类毒素的确证提供保障.本方法适用于水体中多种藻类毒素的快速确证和定量测定.     

Fiber-reinforced three-dimensional graphene aerogels for electrically conductive epoxy composites with enhanced mechanical properties

To enhance the mechanical properties of three-dimensional graphene aerogels with aramid fibers,graphene/organic fiber aerogels are prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide in the presence of organic fibers of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(PPTA) and followed by freeze-drying. Thermal annealing of the composite aerogels at 1300 ° C is adopted not only to restore the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide component but also to convert the insulating PPTA organic fibers to conductive carbon fibers by the carbonization. The resultant graphene/carbon fiber aerogels(GCFAs) exhibit high electrical conductivities and enhanced compressive properties, which are highly efficient in improving both mechanical and electrical performances of epoxy composites. Compared to those of neat epoxy, the compressive modulus, compressive strength and energy absorption of the electrically conductive GCFA/epoxy composite are significantly increased by 60%, 59% and 131%, respectively.     

离子交换法制备廉价而高效的可见光驱动CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3微球光催化剂

Ag2CO3是一种典型的银基半导体,可在可见光照射下降解各种有机染料,但制备成本高,光腐蚀严重,稳定性差,难以循环利用等,因而限制了它的实际应用.针对这些问题,目前多数的改进措施是构建异质结,有效的分离光生电子与空穴来提高Ag2CO3的光催化性能.比如典型的异质结光催化剂有TiO2/Ag2CO3,Ag2CO3/ZnO,Ag2O/Ag2CO3和AgX/Ag2CO3等.也有在表面化学沉积,光化学还原Ag等贵金属形成等离子体等方式提高其光催化性能,但是很少通过特殊形貌控制以提高Ag2CO3的光催化性能.最近的研究表明,由于多尺度微球结构催化剂具有高效的光捕能力,同时具有比表面积大、易沉降,良好的物质传输能力和表面的渗透性,因而在液相光催化反应中具有明显的优势.因此,我们期望制备出一个多尺度微球结构Ag2CO3光催化剂.CaMg(CO3)2是一种具有微球结构的半导体,它与Ag2CO3有相同的阴离子结构,但是两者在水溶液中的溶解度相差较大,利用这个特性理论上可以将两个不同的半导体结合在一起,得到一种新型的复合微球.本文以CaMg(CO3)2微球为硬模板,通过简单的离子交换成功制备了粒径约为10μm的CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3微球.利用X射线衍射、N2物理吸附、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、光电流等手段对在不同反应时间与温度下制得的CaMg(CO3)2与Ag2CO3的复合物进行了表征.结果表明,在40°C下Ag+与Ca2+、Mg2+离子交换4 h后,得到了一种多尺度CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球.此时,微球中Ag2CO3的含量约为2.56%.结果表明,这种具有多尺度结构的复合微球能够增强可见光的吸收.电化学阻抗测试和光电流测试表明,CaMg(CO3)2核的存在可以降低光生载流子的迁移阻力,进而促进光生电子与空穴的分离.在光降解酸性橙II的测试中,核壳结构的CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球表现出了更高的催化活性,而且具有更好的循环使用性能.同时,相对于纯Ag2CO3光催化剂来说,CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球制备的成本大幅度降低.ESR测试证明了·OH为CaMg(CO3)2@Ag2CO3复合微球光催化过程中的主要活性物质.     

Mechanically Strong Janus Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels as Thermo-responsive Soft Robots

Simple preparation of stimuli-responsive hydrogels with good mechanical properties and mild stimuliresponsiveness is essential for their applications as smart soft robots.Mechanically strong Janus poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)/graphene oxide (PNIPAM/GO) nanocomposite hydrogels with stimuli-responsive bending behaviors are prepared through a simple one-step method by using molds made of a Teflon plate and a glass plate.Residual oxygen in the air bubbles on the Teflon plate surface affects the polymerization and hence the cross-linking density,leading to the different swelling/deswelling rates of the two sides of the gels.Therefore,the hydrogels exhibit bending/unbending behaviors upon heating/cooling in water.The incorporation of GO nanosheets dramatically enhances the mechanical properties of Janus hydrogels.Meanwhile,the photo-responsive property of the GO nanosheets also imparts the hydrogels with remotecontrollable deformation under IR irradiation.The application of the Janus PNIPAM/GO hydrogels as thermo-responsive grippers is demonstrated.     

Multi-bond network hydrogels with robust mechanical and self-healable properties

Multi-bond network(MBN) which contains a single network with hierarchical cross-links is a suggested way to fabricate robust hydrogels. In order to reveal the roles of different cross-links with hierarchical bond energy in the MBN, here we fabricate poly(acrylic acid) physical hydrogels with dual bond network composed of ionic cross-links between carboxylFe3+ interactions and hydrogen bonds, and compare these dually cross-linked hydrogels with singly and ternarily cross-linked hydrogels. Simple models are employed to predict the tensile property, and the results confirm that the multi-bond network with hierarchical distribution in the bond energy of cross-links endows hydrogel with effective energy-dissipating mechanism. Moreover, the dually cross-linked MBN gels exhibit excellent mechanical properties(tensile strength up to 500 k Pa, elongation at break ~ 2400%) and complete self-healing after being kept at 50 °C for 48 h. The factors on promoting self-healing are deeply explored and the dynamic multi-bonds are regarded to trigger the self-healing along with the mutual diffusion of long polymer chains and ferric ions.     

Br~-掺杂Bi_2WO_6的水热法合成及其可见光催化性能

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O和Na_2WO_4·2H_2O为主要原料,采用水热法合成了纯相Bi_2WO_6,并对其进行非金属离子Br-掺杂改性。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、Raman、PL和DRS研究了Br~-掺杂对Bi_2WO_6的物相结构、形貌和可见光催化性能的影响。结果表明,Br-掺杂可有效提高Bi_2WO_6的可见光催化性能,当掺杂量(物质的量百分数)为8%时,溴掺杂Bi_2WO_6的光催化性能最好,可见光照射40 min后,可降解96.73%的罗丹明-B,与未掺杂Bi_2WO_6相比,其降解率提高了36.32%。     

熔盐法合成电化学性能优异的富锂层状正极材料Li_(1.5)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2.5)

采用氢氧化物共沉淀和熔盐法相结合的方法制备得到了电化学性能优异的富锂锰基Li_(1.5)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2.5)正极材料。借助X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和恒电流充放电测试等表征手段对材料的颗粒形貌、晶体结构和电化学性能进行了系统研究。XRD结果表明该材料具有完善的α-NaFeO2层状结构(空间群为R3m)和较低的Li~+/Ni~(2+)阳离子混排。电化学性能测试表明该材料的首次不可逆容量损失较小,且倍率性能和循环稳定性能十分优异。具体而言,在2.0~4.8V,0.1C时的首次不可逆容量损失为50mAh·g~(-1)(首次库伦效率84%);在10C时的放电比容量还能达到102mAh·g~(-1);在0.5C下循环100次后,放电比容量为205mAh·g~(-1)(容量保持率90%)。