High-resolution NMR spectra in inhomogeneous fields utilizing the CRAZED sequence without coherence selection gradients

Coherence selection gradients have been considered as indispensable for high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in inhomogeneous fields utilizing the CRAZED-type sequences. However, our experimental results demonstrate that these gradients can be omitted if an appropriate phase cycling is applied. The measured linewidth of reconstructing 1D high-resolution spectral peaks does not depend on the dipolar correlation distance determined by the coherence selection gradients, but is only affected by diffusion and T(2) relaxation. This finding suggests the need to reconsider the mechanism for the iMQC-based high-resolution spectroscopy.     

A Data-Driven Space-Time-Parameter Reduced-Order Model with Manifold Learning for Coupled Problems: Application to Deformable Capsules Flowing in Microchannels

An innovative data-driven model-order reduction technique is proposed to model dilute micrometric or nanometric suspensions of microcapsules, i.e., microdrops protected in a thin hyperelastic membrane, which are used in Healthcare as innovative drug vehicles. We consider a microcapsule flowing in a similar-size microfluidic channel and vary systematically the governing parameter, namely the capillary number, ratio of the viscous to elastic forces, and the confinement ratio, ratio of the capsule to tube size. The resulting space-time-parameter problem is solved using two global POD reduced bases, determined in the offline stage for the space and parameter variables, respectively. A suitable low-order spatial reduced basis is then computed in the online stage for any new parameter instance. The time evolution of the capsule dynamics is achieved by identifying the nonlinear low-order manifold of the reduced variables; for that, a point cloud of reduced data is computed and a diffuse approximation method is used. Numerical comparisons between the full-order fluid-structure interaction model and the reduced-order one confirm both accuracy and stability of the reduction technique over the whole admissible parameter domain. We believe that such an approach can be applied to a broad range of coupled problems especially involving quasistatic models of structural mechanics.     

Efficient Stochastic Simulation Algorithm for Chemically Reacting Systems Based on Support Vector Regression

The stochastic simulation algorithm （SSA） accurately depicts spatially homogeneous wellstirred chemically reacting systems with small populations of chemical species and properly represents noise, but it is often abandoned when modeling larger systems because of its computational complexity. In this work, a twin support vector regression based stochastic simulations algorithm （TS^3A） is proposed by combining the twin support vector regression and SSA, the former is a well-known robust regression method in machine learning. Numerical results indicate that this proposed algorithm can be applied to a wide range of chemically reacting systems and obtain significant improvements on efficiency and accuracy with fewer simulating runs over the existing methods.     

汶川八级地震地质灾害研究

汶川地震触发了15000多处滑坡、崩塌、泥石流,估计直接造成2万人死亡。地质灾害隐患点达10000余多处,以崩塌体增加最为显著,反映出地震对山区高陡斜坡的影响差异性非常大,在山顶上的放大作用非常显著。通过综合分析堰塞湖库容、滑坡坝高以及坝体物质组成和结构,对地震形成的33处坝高大于10m的滑坡堰塞湖进行了评估,划分出极高、高、中和低4种溃决危险。汶川地震滑坡滑床往往不具连续平整的滑面,"尖点撞击"是极震区滑坡的一大共性,可以分为勺型滑床、凸型滑床和阶型滑床等类型。据实地调查,滑坡附近震毁建筑物垂向震动非常明显,具有"地震抛掷"—"撞击崩裂"—"高速滑流"三阶段特征。在高速滑流中,发生3种效应:(1)高速气垫效应,滑坡体由较大块石和土构成,具有一定厚度,飞行行程可达1~3km;(2)碎屑流效应,撞击粉碎的土石呈流动状态,特别是含水丰富时,形成长程流滑;(3)铲刮效应,巨大撞击力导致下部岩体崩裂,形成新滑坡、崩塌,但是,其厚度不大,滑床起伏不平。本文以北川城西滑坡和青川东河口滑坡为例,分析了地震滑坡高速远程滑动及成灾机理。北川县城城西滑坡导致1600人被埋死亡,数百间房屋被毁,是汶川地震触发的最严重的滑坡灾难,举世罕见。青川东河口滑坡—碎屑流是汶川地震触发的较为典型的高速远程复合型滑坡,滑程约2400m,高速碎屑流冲抵清江河左岸,形成滑坡坝,致使7个村庄被埋,约400人死亡。     

Study of detonation initiation in hydrogen/air flow

While extensive studies have been conducted concerning the formation of detonation waves in various combustible gaseous mixtures under static conditions since the 1950s, there is very little experimental work on simple flowing systems. In this study, experiments on the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) of a hydrogen–air flow system were carried out to see the effects of tube diameter, equivalence ratio, and flow types in a premixed and non-premixed flow. Tube diameters used were 25, 50, and 100 mm. The premixed experiments show that the larger tube diameter provides a wider range in run-up distance, reduction of L _DDT/D (ratio of the run-up distance, L _DDT to tube diameter), and expansion of the detonable concentration limit by spreading the cell width. The result of the non-premixed experiments show that similar values of the run-up distance to the premixed experiments are obtained at an equivalence ratio of about 1.0, however, fluctuations of DDT occur near the DDT concentration limit. Under laminar flow conditions at a Reynolds number of less than 2,300, the difference between the two systems could not be observed. However, when the Reynolds number increases towards turbulent conditions, the DDT run-up distance decreases compared to that of static flow conditions. This paper is based on work that was presented at the 21st International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Poitiers, France, July 23–27, 2007.     

Enhanced optical transmission through double-layer gold slit arrays

We investigate the relationship between the transmission and the layer distance of double-layer gold slit arrays by using the finite-difference time-domain method.The results show that the transmission properties can be influenced strongly by layer distance.We attribute the two types of resonant modes to surface plasmon resonance and the localised waveguide resonance.We find that the localised waveguide transmission peak redshifts and becomes broader with increasing layer distance D.We also describe and explain the splitting,shift,and degeneration of the surface plasmon resonant transmission peak theoretically.In addition,to clarify the physical mechanism of the transmission behaviours,we analyse the distributions of electric field and total energy for the three transmission peaks with distance D=45 nm for the double-layer system.Light transporting behaviours are mostly concentrated in the region of the slits as well as the interspaces of the two layers,and for different resonant wavelengths the electric field and energy distributions are different.It is expected that the results obtained here will be helpful for designing subwavelength metallic grating devices.     

物距-像距法测凹透镜焦距实验中透镜的选择

本文根据对物距－像距法测凹透镜焦距存在的系统误差分析,指出实验安排上应选择长焦距、对称的双凹透镜．     

逐步距离判别分析在甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤与滤泡性腺癌的判定中的运用

在认定甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤与滤泡性腺癌的细胞核形态指标存在显著差异的条件下,对两类样本通过逐步判别分析筛选出鉴别能力较强的少数几个指标,并运用距离判别分析建立了甲状腺滤泡性腺瘤与滤泡性腺癌的判别函数,为临床病理诊断提供辅助诊断方法.     

水下爆炸毁伤水下目标的能量分布特征

 针对某水下目标的抗水下爆炸实验数据,利用小波包良好的时频局部化性质,对被监测水下目标内部装置的冲击加速度信号进行了能量分析,得到了冲击信号的时频分布和不同频带上的能量分布。冲击信号的频带能量分布与目标毁伤的关系密切,选用冲击信号峰值、冲击信号主振频带能量、水下目标内部装置自振频率所在频带能量作为判别因子,建立距离判别模型,对水下目标毁伤情况进行了预测;利用回代估计法对模型的合理性进行了检验。研究结果表明,预测结果与实际结果相符,证明将频带能量作为水下爆炸毁伤水下目标的特征指标是合理的。     

平面上的点-线选址问题

本文研究两类平面选址问题：（1）求一直线到n个给定点的加权距离和为最小；（2）求一点到n条给定直线的加权距离和为最小，对这两个非线性最优化问题，欠给出迭代次数为多项式的算法。