Fatigue crack initiation life of fine grain brass H62

Fine grain alloys possess excellent properties entailing high strength and toughness. Fine brass H62 is made by re-crystallization with grain size ranging from 5 to 10 μm. Fatigue initiation life is investigated from specimens tested on Instron 1341 machine a frequency of 30 Hz. Furthermore fatigue crack initiation life of this fine brass H62 is predicted by the energetic approach. It is found that: (1) the finer the grain size, the longer the fatigue life, which is due to its higher toughness; (2) intergranular cracking is the main mechanism of fatigue failure. Concave pits were found in the zone of fatigue crack propagation; and (3) the energetic approach gave acceptable fatigue crack initiation life estimation.     

Cracking simulation of a tubesheet under different loadings

For shell-and-tube heat exchangers, tubesheet cracking is a major failure form. Owing to complicated structures, loadings and environments, mechanisms for the crack nucleation and propagation often puzzle engineers and as a result, it is hard to take effective measures to prevent this kind of failure from happening again. In this paper, three dimensional finite element models were established to investigate a real tubesheet cracking with the emphasis on the driving forces for the crack propagation from a fracture mechanics point of view. Three different loadings, namely residual expansion stress, crack face pressure and transverse pressure, and three crack growth patterns were considered. In order to obtain the residual stresses, the hydraulic expanding process of tube-to-tubesheet joint was simulated. Residual contact pressures between the tube and tubesheet and the induced residual stress distributions in the tubesheet were computed. The possibility for crack propagation in the tubesheet under the action of the different loadings was investigated in terms of the strain energy density factor. Results show that surface crack propagation may be driven by all the three loadings especially the transverse pressure. But when surface cracks come into the interior of the tubesheet along the thickness, as acted along the whole tubesheet thickness, the residual expansion stress would play key roles in crack propagation.     

钢筋混凝土开裂角软化薄膜模型

开裂角介于固定角和转动角之间,是裂缝实际的开展方向角.通过建立平衡方程、协调方程、钢筋和混凝土本构方程、泊松比效应系数方程,提出了钢筋混凝土开裂角软化薄膜模型,该模型考虑了拉应变与压应变的相互作用.本文还给出从应力到应变的计算方法,与传统从应变到应力的计算方法相比,该方法无须进行反复试算,计算简便.通过与8块钢筋混凝土薄板试验结果的比较,验证了所提出开裂角软化薄膜模型及其算法的正确性.     

识别三唑类农药的片段印迹聚合物的合成及在固相萃取中的应用

采用片段印迹技术, 合成了一系列对7种三唑类农药(三唑酮、烯唑醇、多效唑、烯效唑、戊唑醇、三唑醇和双苯三唑醇)具有识别能力的聚合物. 振荡平衡吸附实验表明, 以邻硝基苯酚为模板的聚合物(M1)对上述7种农药具有最佳的选择性吸附性能. 根据分析物结构对片段印迹聚合物吸附能力的影响, 提出了片段印迹聚合物的识别机理: 三唑类化合物的分子片段末端苯环进入片段印迹聚合物的孔穴中, 同时其羟基与聚合物孔穴外的功能单体4-乙烯基吡啶上的氮原子形成氢键, 二者的协同作用实现对目标分子的选择性识别, 其中分析物末端苯环和聚合物孔穴的匹配是影响片段聚合物识别能力的主要因素. 将基质固相分散(MSPD)与以M1为吸附剂的分子印迹固相萃取(MISPE)联用, 用于土壤样品的前处理. 在3种添加水平下, 各分析物的回收率均为75%~102%, 相对标准偏差为3%~9%(n=5), 方法检出限(信噪比等于3)0.9~15 μg/kg. 表明该分析方法结合了MSPD的快速提取和MISPE的高选择性的特点.     

颗粒增强复合材料的界面开裂与尺度效应

采用基于Huang等提出的塑性应变梯度传统理论发展的有限元方法,模拟了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的界面开裂与颗粒尺度效应.分别针对考虑颗粒与基体间界面开裂和不开裂两种情况进行分析,并将考虑界面开裂的模拟结果与实验结果进行比较,证明了模型的有效性,同时也获得应变梯度理论中所包含的材料特征尺度参量的取值.     

ON HERMITIAN POSITIVE DEFINITE SOLUTIONS OF MATRIX EQUATION X-A^＊X^-2 A=I

The Hermitian positive definite solutions of the matrix equation X-A^＊X^-2 A=I are studied. A theorem for existence of solutions is given for every complex matrix A. A solution in case A is normal is given. The basic fixed point iterations for the equation are discussed in detail. Some convergence conditions of the basic fixed point iterations to approximate the solutions to the equation are given.     

一种矩阵归结方法

提出了一种新的归结方法一矩阵归结。结合归结原理的单文字、纯文字、分裂规则以及Petri网的T-不变量归结的思想,给出了几种矩阵归结策略,证明了它们的完备性。方法简单易行,大大降低了归结的复杂性,提高了归结效率。     

max-zero t-模复合意义下的模糊矩阵幂序列的收敛性

主要讨论模糊矩阵在max-zro t-模(以下简称为max-t0)复合意义下的收敛性。证明了模糊矩阵在,max-t0复合意义下只有有限收敛,无限收敛,有限振荡及无限振荡这四种情况。并主要以一种特殊且重要的zero t-模：lukasiewice t-模为例,研究了max-lukasiewiez t模(以下简称为max-lu)复合意叉下的模糊矩阵的收敛性。证明了在max-lu复合意义下．模糊矩阵要么有限收敛要么有限振荡。且比较了在max-lu复合意义下以及在,max-product复合意义下,模糊矩阵收敛性的相同之处与不同之处,并揭示其原因。     

基质与分析物的摩尔比和激光能量对分析物离子信号的影响

A method of aerosol introduction for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is described. The aerosol particles containing matrix and analyte enter directly into the aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) at atmospheric pressure. The scattered light signals from the aerosol particles are collected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and are passed on to an external electronic timing circuit, which determines particle size and is used to trigger a 266 nm pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The aerosol MALDI mass spectra and aerodynamic diameter of single particles can be obtained in real-time. Compared with other methods of liquid sample introduction, this method realizes detection of single particles and, more importantly, the sample consumption is lower. The effects of matrix-to-analyte ratio and laser pulse energy on analyte ion yield are examined. The optimal matrix-to-analyte ratio and laser energy are 50-110:1 and 200-400 μJ respectively.     

丁烯在纳米H-ZSM-5催化剂上的催化裂解反应

在小型固定床反应器中考察了纳米H-ZSM-5催化剂(晶粒度为20～50nm)对丁烯催化裂解制丙烯反应的催化性能,并与两种微米H-ZSM-5催化剂样品(晶粒度分别为1～2和1～6μm)进行了比较.结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,纳米H-ZSM-5和微米H-ZSM-5催化剂上的初始丁烯转化率及丙烯收率相当,但纳米H-ZSM-5催化剂在反应中的抗积碳失活性能优于微米H-ZSM-5催化剂.在进料质量空速7h-1,常压和560℃的条件下反应,当丁烯转化率和丙烯收率下降50%时,两种微米催化剂上的反应时间仅为28h左右,而纳米催化剂上的反应时间为120h左右.积碳分析结果表明,纳米催化剂上的积碳速率明显低于微米催化剂.