The general Jacobi matrix method for solving some nonlinear ordinary differential equations

In this paper, we obtain the approximate solutions for some nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the general Jacobi matrix method. Explicit formulae which express the Jacobi expansion coefficients for the powers of derivatives and moments of any differentiable function in terms of the original expansion coefficients of the function itself are given in the matrix form. Three test problems are discussed to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

应用MALDI-FTICRMS技术研究气相中含钨系列离子簇

以Keggin型磷钨酸为原料, 2,5-二羟基苯乙酮(DHAP)和2,4,6-三羟基苯乙酮(THAP)为基质, 使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(MALDI-FTICRMS)技术研究气相中金属相关簇的稳定性及气相离子-分子反应. 在气相中获得不同系列的-1价含钨离子簇, 准确确定各系列离子簇的组成及Magic Numbers物种, 并发现基质与钨相互作用生成有机-无机杂化离子簇系列. 结果表明, MALDI-FTICRMS技术适用于研究气相中团簇离子的稳定性及气相离子-分子反应.     

Complexity and robustness of frame structures

In structural engineering, the word “complex” is often employed to define something that is difficult to understand or to solve. Anyhow, even if the concept is extensively employed in the practice, any proper definition has not been formulated yet. Taking one’s cue from other scientific disciplines, a metric for complexity based on the performance of the load paths through the structural scheme is proposed. Referring to frames, characterized by large interaction between the beams, an analysis based on graph theory is proposed. A beam importance factor is then deduced and preliminary robustness properties are discussed. Three examples are proposed in order to examine the capabilities of the complexity indices and the beam importance factor. The structural robustness is then worked-out. Load redistribution, which represents an important aspect in structural behavior, should act in the structure in such a way that a damage would not cause collapse. The effects of a prescribed damage on a frame are analyzed and commented.     

基于模态参数考虑边界条件变异的桥梁结构损伤识别

根据桥梁结构的实际工程特性,分析其边界条件变异、结构损伤及其参数变化,采用约束优化理论,建立以实测和理论模态参数误差平方和最小为目标函数的优化反演问题。基于矩阵摄动理论引入与结构动力方程对应的特征值和特征向量的一阶、二阶摄动量,将优化反演问题简化为非线性最小二乘法优化反演问题。针对桥梁结构边界条件对模态参数影响显著的实际情况,实施桥梁结构边界条件预识别,采用单元模态应变能方法预定位损伤,提出考虑边界条件变异的桥梁结构损伤识别具体流程。以一磁浮轨道梁方案为例,采用数值模拟进行边界条件变异及损伤的识别验证,结果表明:该方法能够有效识别边界条件的变异及构件损伤,识别参数的相对误差最大为12.48%,具有较高的识别精度。     

Raman spectroscopic studies on matrix-isolated arsenic and antimony molecules As4 and Sb4 in noble gas matrices

The Raman spectra of As₄ and Sb₄ molecules have been studied in neon, argon, krypton, and xenon matrices at 7 K. The vibrational frequencies of the As₄ molecule are up to 17 cm⁻¹ higher than the experimental gas phase data. This evident blue-shift is not caused by matrix effects but originates from an underestimation of the fundamentals in the gas phase as a course of the elevated temperatures. The observed frequencies of As₄ and Sb₄ show a linear dependence toward the matrix host polarizability. Extrapolated values for zero polarizability which best represent a free molecule, are considered fundamental frequencies. The general valence force fields of As₄ and Sb₄ were calculated from the extrapolated frequencies.     

基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析糖类的基体

糖类物质极性高、难挥发、热不稳定,其中多糖还具有相对分子质量分布发散的性质,其质谱表征比较困难。基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时问质谱(matrix-assisted lazer desorption／ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry．MALDI-TOFMS)灵敏、快速,对杂质的包容性强、分析的质量范围大,能够对糖类尤其是非衍生化糖进行直接分析。近年来,MALDI-TOFMS的发展已使糖类物质的分析达到一个新的水平。由于基体在MALDI-TOFMS分析中起着至关重要的作用,而研制开发和使用各种有效新基体也一直是MALDI-TOFMS分析的聚焦点,本文综述近10年MALDI-TOFMS分析糖类所用的基体。     

大功率微波诱导空气等离子体发射光谱中易电离元素的基体干扰研究

研究了由Okamoto腔产生的大功率微波诱导空气等离子体发射光谱中易电离元素Na和Ca的基体干扰。结果表明,Na和Ca的存在可使电离能较低的元素的原子线的发射强度增强,而使电离能较高的元素的原子线和几乎所有的离子线的发射强度降低。基体干扰随Na和Ca浓度的增大而增强,随等离子体微波功率的增大而减弱。Na和Ca的存在致使等离子体激发温度降低,电子密度增大。基体干扰是由于易电离元素使待测元素在等离子体中的电离平衡移动和激发能力减弱所致。     

化学改性对催化裂化催化剂氢转移性能的影响

 研究了用草酸处理裂化催化剂的活性组分USY型分子筛以及在催化剂基质中添加磷改性的氧化铝等方法对裂化催化剂氢转移反应活性的影响. 实验结果表明,酸处理能脱除USY型分子筛孔道中的无定形氧化铝,疏通分子筛孔道,提高分子筛的氢转移反应活性,减少积碳; 对于含稀土的REUSY型分子筛,酸处理首先脱除的是稀土离子,降低了分子筛的裂化反应活性,但提高了氢转移反应活性. 在催化剂基质中添加磷改性的氧化铝能增加基质的弱酸性中心,增加裂化反应的活性中心,提高催化剂的裂化及氢转移反应活性,同时减少催化剂上的积碳.     

MALDI-TOF-MS测定溶菌酶的相对分子质量中在线纯化技术的应用

用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)测定溶菌酶的相对分子质量,采用硝酸纤维素膜作为溶菌酶的固相载体,在质谱仪上进行在线纯化溶菌酶样品,在测试前尽可能除去样品中的添加剂,以消除一些盐和蛋白质变性剂抑制样品峰的情形;此法简单、快速,并可明显增强离子峰的强度,提高测试的灵敏度。     

线性双折射对光学玻璃电流传感器输出特性影响的理论分析

对线性双折射及入射起偏角对光学玻璃电流传感器输出特性的影响进行了理论推导与分析,给出了光学玻璃电流传感器在非理想状态下线性双折射对输出电压的调制函数的数学表达式,并给出了入射起偏角对系统影响的数学表达式及其对系统有无影响的条件.结果表明,线性双折射会以Sa(δ)函数(抽样函数)的形式调制理想光学玻璃电流传感器输出信号的尺度因子,同时以－sin２(δ／2)为影响因子决定入射起偏角对系统影响的大小;当入射起偏角取某些特殊值时其对系统的影响为零.该工作结果对于光学玻璃电流传感器的研究、设计具有一定的理论参考意义.