Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Acidity and Catalytic Performances of HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking of n-Butane

The acidic modulations of a series of HZSM-5 catalysts were successfully made by calcination at different treatment temperatures, i.e. 500, 600, 650, 700 and 800 ℃, respectively. The results indicated that the total acid amounts, their density and the amount of B-type acid of HZSM-5 catalysts rapidly decreased, while the amounts of L-type acid had almost no change and thus the ratio of L/B was obviously enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature (excluding 800 ℃). The catalytic performances of modified HZSM-5 catalysts for the cracking of n-butane were also investigated. The main properties of these catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption at low temperature, NH3-TPD, FTIR of pyridine adsorption and BET surface area measurements. The results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite pretreated at 800 ℃ had very low catalytic activity for n-butane cracking. In the calcination temperature range of 500-700 ℃, the total selectivity to olefins, propylene and butene were increased with the increase of calcination temperature, while, the selectivity for arene decreased with the calcination temperature.The HZSM-5 zeolite calcined at 700 ℃ produced light olefins with high yield, at the reaction temperature of 650 ℃ the yields of total olefins and ethylene were 52.8% and 29.4%, respectively. Besides, the more important role is that high calcination temperature treatment improved the duration stability of HZSM-5zeolites. The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 for cracking of n-butane was explored. It was found that the calcination temperature had large effects on the surface area, crystallinity and acid properties of HZSM-5 catalyst, which further affected the catalytic performance for n-butane cracking.     

Analogy between real irreducible tensor operator and molecular two-particle operator

. Molecular matrix elements of a physical operator are expanded in terms of polycentric matrix elements in the atomic basis by multiplying each by a geometrical factor. The number of terms in the expansion can be minimized by using molecular symmetry. We have shown that irreducible tensor operators can be used to imitate the actual physical operators. The matrix elements of irreducible tensor operators are easily computed by choosing rational irreducible tensor operators and irreducible bases. A set of geometrical factors generated from the expansion of the matrix elements of irreducible tensor operator can be transferred to the expansion of the matrix elements of the physical operator to compute the molecular matrix elements of the physical operator. Two scalar product operators are employed to simulate molecular two-particle operators. Thus two equivalent approaches to generating the geometrical factors are provided, where real irreducible tensor sets with real bases are used. Received: 3 September 1996 / Accepted: 19 December 1996     

Profiling and comprehensive expression analysis of ABC transporter solute-binding proteins of Bacillus subtilis membrane based on a proteomic approach

We analyzed ABC transporter solute-binding proteins (SBPs) of the Bacillus subtilis membrane using a proteomic approach. We prepared a washed cell membrane fraction that was insoluble in 134 mM nondetergent sulfobetaine and then extracted proteins using mixtures of detergents in a stepwise manner. The membrane proteins were resolved by three two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) or two one-dimensional (1-D) PAGE procedures, electroblotted, and digested in the presence of 5% or 80% acetonitrile. Thereafter, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified 637 proteins corresponding to 15.9% of the total cellular proteins. We predicted that among these, 256 were membrane proteins, 101 were lipoproteins or secretory proteins and 280 were soluble proteins containing peripheral proteins that function in both the cytoplasm and the cell membrane such as SecA and FtsY. Among the 637 proteins, we identified 30 SBPs among 38 importers predicted by a bioinformatic search of the genome. We confirmed expression of the genes for the 30 SBPs using DNA microarray analysis. We compared the 2-D gel separation profiles of submembrane fractions solubilized by 1% n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside from cells cultured on Luria Bertani (LB), S7, and S7 medium without glutamate as well as DNA microarray data on LB and S7. The results suggested that YcdH, YtmK and YurO are binding proteins for Mn(++), glutamate and glucose, respectively, and that YqiX and YxeM are binding proteins for amino acids (tryptophan in S7 medium).     

水蒸气处理对P-ZSM-5催化性能的影响

在不同温度下,用水蒸气对P-ZSM-5催化剂进行了处理,利用XRD、NH3-TPD、比表面和孔径物理吸附仪等手段对催化剂进行了表征,研究了水蒸气处理对P-ZSM-5催化1-丁烯裂解反应性能的影响.实验结果表明:P-ZSM-5催化剂具有良好的水热稳定性;合适的水蒸气处理,有利于催化剂孔容和孔径的增加;水蒸气处理降低了P-ZSM-5催化剂的酸量和酸强度,明显提高了丁烯裂解生成丙烯的选择性、收率和催化剂的抗积炭性能.最佳的水蒸气处理温度为580℃,P-ZSM-5催化剂催化1-丁烯裂解反应的丙烯选择性为39.4%,收率为34.2%.     

杂原子钛对TiY分子筛性能的影响

采用水热晶化法合成了含骨架杂原子的TiY分子筛，通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热、吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法考察了杂原子Ti进入Y分子筛骨架后对分子筛各项性能的影响。结果表明，TiY分子筛具有典型的Y型分子筛晶体结构；随着Ti添加量的增加，TiY分子筛晶化所需的时间延长，晶胞常数增大，分子筛的热稳定性和水热稳定性均有所增强。与Y分子筛相比， TiY分子筛的L酸中心数量明显增加，同时B酸中心强度增加，TiY分子筛的裂化反应活性提高，催化剂上的积炭量明显减少。     

C4/C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进展

从催化剂类型、裂解工艺、催化裂解的影响因素和裂解机理4个方面对国内外C4／C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进行了综述。催化裂解制低碳烯烃催化剂主要采用ZSM-5分子筛系列催化剂，在此基础上发展了酸改性或水热改性高硅ZSM系列分子筛及介孔MCM41分子筛。总结了国内外C4／C5烃的裂解工艺，认为影响催化裂解的主要因素是裂解原料、催化剂类型及工艺条件。目前，裂解机理主要是自由基与碳正离子机理相结合的机理。并简述了本课题组目前有关C4烷烃催化裂解的主要研究进展。     

稀土改性L沸石在烃类催化裂化催化剂中的应用

采用离子交换的方法制备了一系列复合稀土（含La及Ce）质量分数不同的稀土改性超稳L沸石（RE-USL），以RE USL沸石替代质量分数为5%的REUSY作为催化裂化催化剂的活性组分,用标准轻油微反活性试验（MAT）评价了其催化性能,并同单一稀土元素改性USL沸石进行了对比。结果表明,一定量的复合稀土改性USL沸石的催化性能优于单一稀土（La或Ce）改性的USL沸石，在催化裂化催化剂中加入稀土改性USL沸石,可以降低汽油产品的烯烃质量分数；可以提高汽油的辛烷值。当复合稀土在RE USL沸石中的质量分数为0.4%左右时， 与不加稀土改性USL沸石催化剂相比较，催化剂的活性指数MAT提高3.6个单位，烯烃质量分数降低1.57个单位，研究法辛烷值（RON）提高2.08个单位，产品分布更合理。     

Topical Problems in Elemental Analysis of Advanced Ceramic Materials

Selected prominent problems in the analysis of advanced ceramic materials are surveyed. The importance of reliability of results is discussed in the field of elemental trace- and microanalysis in view of its interaction with economy, power of detection, local resolution and speciation selectivity. Particular problems in the analysis of major constituents, trace components and microlocal distributions are based on the striking propertics of ceramics; they are exemplified. Analytical assistance must start from the beginning of the production processing, in the preparation of the powdered base materials. Determination of the stoichiometry requires high accuracy and differentiation of chemical species in bulk and surface analysis of ceramic base powders. Element trace determination by direct instrumental methods requires standard reference materials for calibration; these are currently inavailable in a sufficient variety. For optimum reliability and power of detection, element traces must be prepared in isolated form in a small excitation volume for analysis. A review on the state-of-the-art of wet-chemical combined procedures is presented. Decomposition position procedures are emphasized, due to their risk of contributing severe systematic error. Combustion in elementary fluorine is presented for decomposition of refractory materials. The performance of some direct procedures is discussed. Very efficient methods are available for element trace determinations in ceramic materials, offering high detection power. Several approaches for high-resolution local microanalysis in non-conductive ceramic materials are identified as the most promising development in the analysis of sintered compact ceramic products and devices.     

人参皂苷的基质辅助激光解吸质谱研究

利用MALDI-TOFMS测定了八种人参皂苷的分子量, 并分析了西洋参总皂苷的组成。同时, 进行了灵敏度实验, 并探讨了基质及碱金属离子的影响, 证明该方法灵敏度高, 重复性好, 结果准确。是测定极性小分子分子量的有效方法。     

Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements of passive layer cracking under static tensile stresses

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy allows the examination of corrosion susceptibility and resistance for different construction materials, in particular the determination of the properties of their passive films. This technique makes possible the analysis of electrochemical processes in time domain, including rapid phenomena such as changes in the properties of passive films, but it has never been used for passive layer cracking examination. In many cases, fracture of the passive film under tensile stresses leads to stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, investigations of passive layer cracking on austenitic stainless steels under tensile stresses facilitate the understanding of the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking in these common engineering materials. The effect of static tensile stresses on the passive film cracking behaviour of type 304L stainless steel immersed in 0.5 M NaCl solution at room temperature has been investigated. This paper presents the impedance spectra obtained for 304L stainless steel samples at different potential values.Contribution to the 3rd Baltic Conference on Electrochemistry, Gdansk-Sobieszewo, Poland, 23–26 April 2003Dedicated to the memory of Harry B. Mark, Jr. (28 February 1934–3 March 2003)