Erratum to “Boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a Casson fluid past a symmetric porous wedge with surface heat flux”

We would like to acknowledge the misprinted terms in our published paper “Boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a Casson fluid past a symmetric porous wedge with surface heat flux” [Chin. Phys. B 23 044702 (2014)]. Since only two misprints exist and the main results of the published paper are correct, we present the correct equations in this erratum.     

粘性导电流体在磁场作用下流过多孔通道时传热传质振荡流的数值解——用于病理状态动脉中血液的流动

当血管内壁出现多孔性结构时,流过多孔性血管的血液将作不稳定的MHD流动.研究血液在其中的传热传质问题,考虑了与时间相关的渗透率和振荡引起的吸入速度,并数值地求解该问题.对分析中出现的参数取不同数值时,图形给出了速度、温度、浓度场,以及表面摩擦因数、Nusselt数和Sherwood数的计算结果.研究表明,血液流动受磁场和Grashof数的影响明显.     

Effects of thermal radiation on Casson fluid flow and heat transfer over an unsteady stretching surface subjected to suction/blowing

The unsteady flow of a Casson fluid and heat transfer over a stretching surface in presence of suction/blowing are investigated.The transformed equations are solved numerically by using the shooting method.The exact solution corresponding to the momentum equation for the steady case is obtained.Fluid velocity initially decreases with the increase of unsteadiness parameter.Due to an increasing Casson parameter the velocity field is suppressed.Thermal radiation enhances the effective thermal diffusivity and the temperature rises.     

不同湿化状态下压实红黏土的压缩特征

为模拟路基土体在不同湿度状态下的压缩特征,以湖南长沙－韶山－娄底高速公路的红黏土路基填料为研究对象,开展吸水自由膨胀、吸水限制膨胀和不浸水等三种湿化状态下的压缩实验研究。本文根据实际应力与固结屈服应力的关系提出确定土体压缩系数的改进方法,并与目前规范中推荐的压缩系数(a_1-2)进行了比较,验证了改进方法更加合理。然后,对比分析不同湿化状态下的压缩指标。结果表明：吸湿后的土体压缩性均大于不浸水土的压缩性;但浸水吸湿限制膨胀和浸水吸湿自由膨胀后再压缩,前者的压缩性要大于后者的压缩性。最后,从孔隙结构的细观角度探讨了固结应力对土体孔隙结构的作用模式,发现固结作用主要影响孔径d>10μm范围内的孔隙分布。     

Numerical study of flow and heat transfer during oscillatory blood flow in diseased arteries in presence of magnetic fields

A problem motivated by the investigation of the heat and mass transfer in the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) flow of blood through a vessel is solved numerically when the lumen of the vessel has turned into the porous structure.The time-dependent permeability and the oscillatory suction velocity are considered.The computational results are presented graphically for the velocity,the temperature,and the concentration fields for various values of skin friction coefficients,Nusselt numbers,and Sherwood numbers.The study reveals that the flow is appreciably influenced by the presence of a magnetic field and also by the value of the Grashof number.     

缝隙抽吸对液膜撕裂特性影响的试验研究

本文在空气-水膜两相流动试验装置上,利用高速摄影机对空心静叶缝隙抽吸下的静叶出口边液膜撕裂特性进行了试验研究,结果表明:缝隙抽吸可以将静叶表面上的大部分流动液膜去除掉,水份在叶片出口边之前形不成完整的流动液膜,仅表现为溪状流动,静叶出口边的撕裂形式主要为丝线状撕裂,撕裂形成的水滴数目和直径将明显地减小。     

硬壳层非饱和软基路堤的填土高度研究

硬壳层在软土路堤工程中具有很好的承载传递特性,应充分发挥其有利作用以优化路堤填土高度设计与施工管理.考虑硬壳层的应力扩散作用和自重反压护道作用,基于非饱和土平面应变抗剪强度统一解与吸力角双曲线模型,推导了实际地应力状态下硬壳层非饱和软土地基的临塑/临界载荷计算公式,进而建立了路堤临塑/临界填土高度的解析解,并给出解析公式的适用条件与应用步骤,最后探讨了各因素对路堤临界填土高度的影响规律.所得解析公式能综合反映4种因素的影响,具有很好的可比性,且对比验证了解析公式的正确性及给定公式适用条件的必要性与合理性.研究结果表明:硬壳层的影响具有整体性,应同时考虑其厚度和弹性模量的变化,可忽略路堤等效宽度的影响;侧压力系数的影响明显,侧压力系数为1.0对应的路堤填土高度明显偏大,应原位测试确定地基土的真实侧压力系数;采用不同强度准则的计算结果差异显著,应充分考虑中间主应力对公式适用范围及路堤填土高度的影响;高、低基质吸力的影响特性不同,低吸力时路堤填土高度线性增加且与截距无关,高吸力时路堤填土高度受双重作用相对大小的控制,或先逐渐减小后缓慢增大、或逐渐增大,并与截距密切相关.      

Comparison of pore water samplers and cryogenic distillation under laboratory and field conditions for soil water stable isotope analysis*

We used pore water samplers (PWS) to sample for isotope analysis (1) only water, (2) soil under laboratory conditions, and (3) soil in the field comparing the results with cryogenic extraction (CE). In (1) and (2), no significant differences between source and water extracted with PWS were detected with a mean absolute difference (MAD) always lower than 2?‰ for δ²H and 1?‰ for δ¹⁸O. In (2), CE water was more enriched than PWS-extracted water, with a MAD respect to source water of roughly 8?‰ for δ²H and 4?‰ for δ¹⁸O. In (3), PWS water was enriched relative to CE water by 3?‰ for δ²H and 0.9?‰ for δ¹⁸O. The latter result may be due to the distinct water portions sampled by the two methods. Large pores, easily sampled by PWS, likely retain recent, and enriched, summer precipitation while small pores, only sampled by CE, possibly retain isotopically depleted water from previous winter precipitation or irrigation inputs. Accuracy and precision were greater for PWS relative to CE. PWS is therefore suggested as viable tool to extract soil water for stable isotope analysis, particularly for soils used in this study (sandy and silty loams).     

Anisotropy measurements in the boundary layer over a flat plate with suction

Laser Doppler velocity measurements are carried out in a turbulent boundary layer subjected to concentrated wall suction (through a porous strip). The measurements are taken over a longitudinal distance of 9× the incoming boundary layer thickness ahead of the suction strip. The mean and rms velocity profiles are affected substantially by suction. Two-point measurements show that the streamwise and wall-normal autocorrelations of the streamwise velocity are reduced by suction. It is found that suction alters the redistribution of the turbulent kinetic energy k between its components. Relative to the no-suction case, the longitudinal Reynolds stress contributes more to k than the other two normal Reynolds stresses; in the outer region, its contribution is reduced which suggests structural changes in the boundary layer. This is observed in the anisotropy of the Reynolds stresses, which depart from the non-disturbed boundary layer. With suction, the anisotropy level in the near-wall region appears to be stronger than that of the undisturbed layer. It is argued that the mean shear induced by suction on the flow is responsible for the alteration of the anisotropy. The variation of the anisotropy of the layer will make the development of a turbulence model quite difficult for the flow behind suction. In that respect, a turbulence model will need to reproduce well the effects of suction on the boundary layer, if the model is to capture the effect of suction on the anisotropy of the Reynolds stresses.     

Rotationally symmetric flow over a rotating disk

The rotationally symmetric flow over a rotating disk in an incompressible viscous fluid is analyzed by a new method when the fluid at infinity is in a state of rigid rotation (in the same or in the opposite sense) about the same axis as that of the disk. Asymptotic expansions for the velocity field over the entire flow field are obtained for the general class of one-parameter rotationally symmetric flows. This method is further extended to the case when a uniform suction or injection is assumed at the rotating disk. Fluid motion induced by oscillatory suction of small amplitude at the rotating disk is also discussed.An initial-value analysis reveals that resonance is possible only when the angular velocity of the rotating fluid is greater than that of the rotating disk.