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111.
Lin XU En Bo WANG* Zhuang LI Hong Yu ZHANG Chao QIN Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Academia Sinica Changchun 《中国化学快报》2001,(12)
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the fabrication of self-assembled ultrathin multilayer films, because of their availability to form nanostructured materials with tailored architecture and properties1. The layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly, initially developed for pairs of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes2, is an unusually simple and versatile technique to built up of ultrathin multilayer films. A special feature of the multilayer films is that the composition, t… 相似文献
112.
Kshitish Patankar David A. Dillard Scott W. Case Michael W. Ellis Yongqiang Li Yeh‐Hung Lai Michael K. Budinski Craig S. Gittleman 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2010,48(3):333-343
Pinhole formation in proton exchange membranes (PEM) may be caused by a process of flaw formation and crack propagation within membranes exposed to cyclic hygrothermal loading. Fracture mechanics can be used to characterize the propagation process, which is thought to occur in a slow, time‐dependent manner under cyclic loading conditions, and believed to be associated with limited plasticity. The intrinsic fracture energy has been used to characterize the fracture resistance of polymeric material with limited viscoelastic and plastic dissipation, and has been found to be associated with long‐term durability of polymeric materials. Insight into this limiting value of fracture energy may be useful in characterizing the durability of proton exchange membranes, including the formation of pinhole defects. In an effort to collect fracture data with limited plasticity, a knife slit test was adapted to measure fracture energies of PEMs, resulting in fracture energies that were two orders of magnitude smaller than those obtained with other fracture test methods. The presence of a sharp knife blade reduces crack tip plasticity, providing fracture energies that may be more representative of the intrinsic fracture energies of the thin membranes. Three commercial PEMs were tested to evaluate their fracture energies (Gc) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 90 °C and humidity levels varying from dry to 90% relative humidity (RH). Experiments were also conducted with membrane specimens immersed in water at various temperatures. The time temperature moisture superposition principle was applied to generate fracture energy master curves plotted as a function of reduced cutting rate based on the humidity and temperature conditions of the tests. The shift with respect to temperature and humidity suggests that the slitting process is viscoelastic in nature. Also such shifts were found to be consistent with those obtained from constitutive tests such as stress relaxation. The fracture energy is more sensitive to temperature than on humidity. The master curves converge at the lowest reduced cutting rates, suggesting similar intrinsic fracture energies; but diverge at higher reduced cutting rates to significantly different fracture energies. Although the relationship between Gc and ultimate mechanical durability has not been established, the test method may hold promise for investigating and comparing membrane resistance to failure in fuel cell environments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 333–343, 2010 相似文献
113.
用A2参数描述裂纹尖端约束效应,考虑裂纹尖端约束水平对断裂阻力的影响,对R6失效评定曲线进行修正。以X80钢为例,根据不同约束水平试件测试得到的JR–△a曲线,给出了与裂纹尖端约束相关的失效评定曲线。在使用有限元对带裂纹内压管道进行弹塑性分析的基础上,利用失效评定曲线对失效载荷进行预测;与试验结果比较表明:采用约束修正失效评定曲线,在对存在缺陷的构件进行安全性评定、寿命评估、失效概率计算时,考虑约束效应对断裂韧度的影响可以更充分地发挥构件的强度潜力。 相似文献
114.
115.
吕文琦 《广东微量元素科学》1999,6(10):34-36
观察了32例慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者血铝含量,平均为12668±06358,明显高于正常人血铝07286±00826,P<001;血铝与血钙水平呈负相关r=-06235,P<005;肾性骨病(ROD)患者血铝明显高于非骨病患者(P<005)。提出CRF患者有明显铝蓄积,并且与ROD有相关性。对CRF患者应注意血铝的监测,以便进行针对性预防和治疗。 相似文献
116.
Paul M. Hergenrother 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1990,29(11):1262-1268
Research on high-temperature organic polymers was initiated in the late 1950s primarily to meet the needs of the aerospace and electronics industry. Since then, many different heat-resistant polymer systems have been reported, of which several are now commercially available. These polymers are used in many diverse applications such as circuitry in microelectronic components, coatings on cookware, binders in brake systems, sealants for fuel tanks in high-speed aircraft, gears in copying machines, structural components in high-speed aircraft, and space vehicles, films and wire coatings for electrical insulation. Worldwide use for high-temperature polymers in 1988 was estimated at 90 million kilograms with a value of $ 2.3 billion. This market is expected to double by the end of this decade. The major polymer classes discussed in the present paper are polyimides and poly(aryl ethers). 相似文献
117.
J. Hashemi N. Chandrashekar T. Jang F. Karpat M. Oseto S. Ekwaro-Osire SEM Member 《Experimental Mechanics》2007,47(3):347-354
In the United States, an estimated 100,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur every year. Despite decades of
research, to this date, the mechanism or mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries are not well understood. This is primarily
because trials cannot be conducted on live subjects to understand the injury mechanism, and it is difficult to instrument
a live human knee to measure the response of tissues during dynamic activities. In this paper, we present a dynamic knee injury
simulator capable of in-vitro modeling of the ACL injury during jump-landing activity. This system was used to simulate jump-landing on cadaveric knees
and to successfully test which conditions would result in isolated ACL injury. A restricted flexion of the hip (a hip that
flexes minimally or not at all during landing), combined with low quadriceps and hamstring force levels during landing were
found to be conducive to ACL injury. Elevated levels of quadriceps force prevented the injury from occurring even under restricted
hip flexion conditions. The measured strain rates in the ACL tissue during injury causing activities were over 250%/s. 相似文献
118.
119.
剪切失效是强动载荷作用下结构失效的重要模式。本文给出了计及梁的转动惯量时端头带有质量块的悬臂梁结构受到冲击载荷作用后发生剪切失效的无量纲判据。分析表明,在初始速度间断面上是否发生剪切失效取决于质量块初始动能和质量块尺寸与梁厚之比,而与梁的长度无关。梁的转动惯量对于剪切失效具有不可忽略的影响。 相似文献
120.
We present the results of some numerical experiments which were carried out in order to investigate the general characteristics of the algorithm described in Part I of this paper. 相似文献