大理岩微裂隙与其力学性质间的关系

香港元朗地区发育有大量的大理岩, 它的力学性质直接影响该区的建筑安全。我们采用超声测量技术、单轴压缩试验和岩石薄片的镜下观测等方法了解其内部的结构变化及其力学性质。得出的结论是：该区的大理岩力学性质变化很大。一般的说, 致密的黑色大理岩超声波速度高, 抗压强度大且具有脆性特征, P波速度6.2～6.5km·s-1, S波速度3.0～3.60km·s-1, 抗压强度在88～166MPa;而那些颗粒较粗的白色或灰色大理岩, 超声波速度变化很大, 抗压强度小且具有韧性特征, P波速度在4.2～6.9km·s-1, S波速度2.4～3.20km·s-1, 抗压强度在52～63MPa之间。P波速度与裂隙密度成反比关系。抗压强度与裂隙密度成线性反比关系, 而且对脆性大理岩, 其曲线斜率要比韧性大理岩的曲线斜率大出许多倍。     

Raw and treated marble wastes reuse as low cost materials for phosphorus removal from aqueous solutions: Efficiencies and mechanisms

Phosphorus removal from synthetic solutions by raw and calcined powdered marble wastes (RPMW and CPMW) has been investigated in batch mode under different experimental conditions. The results showed that RPMW and CPMW have high removal efficiencies, especially in acidic media. The maximum phosphorus removal capacities were evaluated to 103.9 and 181.2 mg·g⁻¹ at an initial pH and an aqueous concentration of 5 and 350 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. Phosphorus removal by RPMW occurred mainly through adsorption. However, for CPMW, phosphorus was removed not only by adsorption, but also by precipitation as calcium phosphate complexes. Specific analyses using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that this precipitate is most probably hydroxyapatite. On the other hand, CPMW have demonstrated an important ability in removing phosphorus from highly concentrated dairy wastewater (C_0,P = 1000 mg·L⁻¹) since only one dosage of 10 g·L⁻¹ was enough to ensure more than 97% of phosphorus removal.     

Lead separation by sorption onto powdered marble waste

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, aiming to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions and water samples using powdered marble wastes (PMW) as an effective inorganic sorbent, which is cheap, widespread, and may represent an environmental problem. The main parameters (i.e., solution pH, sorbent and lead concentration, shaking time, and temperature) influencing the sorption process, were investigated. The results obtained showed that the sorption of Pb²⁺ ions onto PMW was fitted well with the linear Freundlich and Langmuir models over the concentration range studied. From the Dubinin–Radushkevick (D–R) isotherm model it was found that the adsorption was chemical in nature. Thermodynamic parameters viz. the change in Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) were also calculated. These parameters indicated that the adsorption process of Pb²⁺ ions on PMW was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Under the optimum experimental conditions employed, the removal of about 100% of Pb²⁺ ions was attained. The procedure was successfully applied to remove lead ions from aqueous and different natural water samples. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism is suggested.