Design and operation assessment of an oxyfuel fluidized bed combustor

Oxyfuel combustion is a promising alternative for CO₂ capture. While this has been proven in pulverized fuel (PF) burners, research in fluidized bed (FB) reactors is still scarce. Our work aims to increase the knowledge about this technology. To this purpose, a 95 kW_th FB oxyfuel combustion test rig has been erected. Its main characteristics are described in this paper, giving detailed information on the subsystems: the FB reactor, the fuel and oxidant supplies, and ancillaries. Plant flexibility is emphasized. It allows to operate under different CO₂/O₂ ratios, and to recycle CO₂ from the flue gases. Both the processes design and monitoring are supported by simulations that have been validated against experimental data, regarding fluid dynamics, combustion, and heat transfer. Finally, the performance of the facility has been tested both with coal alone and blended with biomass. CO₂ concentrations over 90% (dry basis) in the flue gases have been obtained. Comparison of air and oxygen combustion tests and operational recommendations are discussed, confirming the feasibility of the FB oxyfuel technology for CO₂ capture purposes.     

Reversed-phase chromatography of proteins and peptides on compressed continuous beds

Summary The polymer beds described are synthesized in aqueous solution directly in the column or batchwise in the form of large clusters of small particles. The conventional, expensive step involving prepreparation of beads in an organic solvent is thus omitted. Beds were synthesized from piperazine diacrylamide, methacrylamide and allyl glycidyl ether. The epoxy-activated beds thus obtained were used for covalent attachment of either nonpolar ligands (e.g. octadecanol) or polar OH-rich substances (e.g. dextran). The non-polar beds were used for reversed-phase chromatography, as were polar ones following coupling with 1,2-epoxyoctadecane. Coating with OH-rich substances serves two purposes: (I) the matrix becomes hydrophilic, decreasing nonspecific interactions (modifiers can be excluded) and hence increases resolution and (II) many—OH groups are available (e.g. for coupling to epoxides), a prerequisite for high ligand density. Resolution of proteins was high even at high flow rates. Depending on the method used for the synthesis of the bed, resolution of proteins either increased with an increase in flow rate or decreased slinghtly. Choice of the correct temperature was very important for high resolution of CNRr-digested peptides.     

电磁波的非线性动力理论

使用全动力途径，严格地推导了左旋圆极化电磁波的非线性色散关系。所得到的色散关系被用来分析电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波和高杂波所激发的电磁辐射。结果表明：（１）电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波可以激发频率上移辐射，也可以激发频率下移辐射，这取决于背景等离子体频率ｗｐｅ与电子回旋频率Ωｅ的比值大小；（２）高杂波只能激发频率下移辐射；（３）当电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波位于高杂共振层时，频率上移辐射和频率下移辐射可以同     

Chromatography in fluidized beds

Summary Chromatography is carried out under the conditions of fluidization, in long, straight tubes under organized and non-organized conditions. Under non-organized conditions the column is filled only with a sorbent. In organized conditions, either metal coils are added into the column or a segmented column is utilized with metal grids. The results obtained are compared to those obtained under fixed-bed conditions when the column is completely filled with the sorbent. Organized fluidized beds provide a significant decrease in longitudinal bandspreading.     

Unlike-particle collision operator for gyrokinetic particle simulations

Plasmas in modern tokamak experiments contain a significant fraction of impurity ion species in addition to main deuterium background. A new unlike-particle collision operator for δf particle simulation has been developed to self-consistently study the non-local effects of impurities on neoclassical transport in toroidal plasmas. A new algorithm for simulation of cross-collisions between different ion species includes test-particle and conserving field-particle operators. The field-particle operator is designed to enforce conservation of number, momentum and energy. It was shown that the new operator correctly simulates the thermal equilibration of different plasma components. It was verified that the ambipolar radial electric field reaches steady state when the total radial guiding center particle current vanishes.     

Variational method for the nonlinear dynamics of an elliptic magnetic stagnation line

The nonlinear evolution of the kink instability of a plasma with an elliptic magnetic stagnation line is studied by means of an amplitude expansion of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations. Wahlberg et al. [12] have shown that, near marginal stability, the nonlinear evolution of the stability can be described in terms of a two-dimensional potential U(X,Y), where X and Y represent the amplitudes of the perturbations with positive and negative helical polarization. The potential U(X,Y) is found to be nonlinearly stabilizing for all values of the polarization. In our paper a Lagrangian and an invariant variational principle for two coupled nonlinear ordinal differential equations describing the nonlinear evolution of the stagnation line instability with arbitrary polarization are given. Using a trial function in a rectangular box we find the functional integral. The general case for the two box potential can be obtained on the basis of a different ansatz where we approximate the Jost function by polynomials of order n instead of a piecewise linear function. An example for the second order is given to illustrate the general case. Some considerations concerning solar filaments and filament bands (circular or straight) are indicated as possible applications besides laboratory experiments with cusp geometry corresponding to quadripolar cusp geometries for some clouds and thunderstorms.     

Ion acoustic solitary waves with adiabatic ions in magnetized electron-positron-ion plasmas

Linear and nonlinear ion acoustic waves in the presence of adiabatically heated ions in magnetized electron-positron-ion plasmas are studied. The Sagdeev potential approach is employed to obtain the energy integral equation in such a mulitcomponent plasma using fluid theory. It is found that electron density humps are formed in the subsonic region in magnetized electron-positron-ion plasmas. The amplitude of electron density hump is decreased with the increase of hot ion temperature in electron-positron-ion plasmas. However, the increase in positron concentration and obliqueness of the wave increases the amplitude of nonlinear structure. The increase in positron concentration also reduces the width of the nonlinear structure in a magnetized multicomponent plasma. The numerical solutions in the form of solitary pulses are also presented for different plasma cases. The results may be applicable to astrophysical plasma situations, where magnetized electron-positron-ion plasma with hot ions can exist.     

Bulk Viscus Fluid Plane Symmetric String Dust Magnetised Cosmological Model in General Relativity

In this paper we have investigated bulk viscous fluid plane symmetric dust magnetized string cosmological model. To get a deterministic model, it is assumed that ε=λ, and a relation between metric potential B=RA ⁿ . The behaviour of the model in the presence and absence of magnetic field together with physical and geometrical aspects of the model are also discussed.     

复杂气固两相系统的微观结构

流化床中的气固两相流动是一个高度复杂的非线性混沌系统。本文利用激光粒子动态分析仪（ＰＤＡ）得到的循环流化床中颗粒脉动速度信号,采用ＦＦＴ分析了脉动信号的宽频谱特征,在此基础上应用小波法分析了脉动信号的动态特征,得到了颗粒脉动速度的微观结构,指出颗粒脉动速度的非线性特性是流化床具有混沌特性的根源,且在不同的尺度上颗粒脉动速度表现出各向异性的特征。     

鲁西南地区红层软岩水岩作用特征与工程应用

鲁西南各断块盆地中广泛分布有侏罗、第三系的紫红色、杂色砂砾岩,岩石呈固结半固结状态,遇水后发生渗透、膨胀、崩解和软化等失稳现象,对煤矿建井及煤矿开采带来重大威胁。本文采用X衍射仪、扫描电镜、压汞仪及液压伺服机等手段进行了红层软岩的物质组成、微孔结构及渗透性的试验研究,探讨了红层软岩的渗透机理及遇水失稳机理,并结合实例进行了工程应用分析。