Characterization of Fibers in an Existing Network for High Speed System (10Gb/s or Greater) Compatibility

With OC-192 communications systems being commercially available and higher bit rate systems in development, prudent telecommunications network administrators are testing their installed fibers to determine if they can be successfully used at 10 Gb/s and higher. Together with New Brunswick Telephone (NBTel), the Fiber Optics Group at UNB have tested various installed fibers and cables in the NBTel network for their losses at wavelengths of 1244, 1310, 1550, and 1625 nm, as well as for strain and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Weather conditions, age, place of installation, and cable types have also been considered. Aging does not seem to affect the performance of the fibers. Although most fibers are high-speed system compatible when looking at attenuation measurements, about 40% of the fibers tested would not meet the 10 Gb/s OC-192 system manufacturer's design guidelines concerning PMD.     

First-principles study of electronic and elastic properties of Stone–Wales defective zigzag carbon nanotubes

The interaction and coupling between the electrical, mechanical properties and formation energy for SW defective (10,0) carbon nanotube is studied in density functional theory. The investigated configurations include the axial and circumferential orientations for single defect as well as four distribution types for double ones. The more stable defective configurations, namely, SW-I configurations for single SW defective carbon nanotube and II–II-(2) and I–I ones for double SW defective tubes are related to high symmetry distribution of the defects. Moreover, we found that the σ^?–π^* hybridization induced by curvature effect causes the semiconductor to metal transition for double axial SW defects case. Young's modulus reduction of SW defective carbon nanotube with respect to defect-free one is less than 8%. The energy bands and Young's moduli of double SW defective tubes are mostly affected by the defect distribution and concentration but insensitive to the circumferential distance between the double defects.     

Structural and electrical studies of Ba5RTi3V7O30 (R=Ho,Gd, La) compounds

The ferroelectric ceramics Ba₅RTi₃V₇O₃₀ (R=Ho, Gd, La) have been synthesized by solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary X-ray structural analysis confirmed a single-phase formation of the compound in orthorhombic structure. Surface morphology of the compounds was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detailed studies of electrical properties (i.e., dielectric constant, loss tangent, ac conductivity) as a function of temperature (RT-773 K) and at four different frequencies (1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 1 MHz) show ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition of the compounds of diffuse-type. The activation energy has been evaluated from ac conductivity following Arrhenius equation. The conductivity pattern shows that it is strongly frequency dependent and obeys Jonscher's power relation.     

基于AVR单片机的万能材料试验机控制系统

采用AVR单片机AT90S8515作为控制核心,通过步进电机带动丝杠运动,利用光栅编码器、高精度力传感器、2个引伸计分别测量了位移、力及试件横、纵变形,在老式电子万能材料实验机上建立了新型计算机控制系统,可方便测定弹性模量和泊松比.     

New isothermal equation of state of solids applied to high pressures

In the present paper, a new two-parameter inverted equation of state (EOS) is developed which is found to be working very well in the high-pressure region. To check its success and validity, this EOS has been applied in a number of solids. The computed volume compression is found to be in very good agreement with the experimental data in the whole range of pressure in all the solids. The minimum and the maximum pressure range used in the present study is 0–320 kbar and 0–3000 kbar, respectively.     

激光干涉法测量弹性模量

从光的干涉原理出发，讨论了金属丝弹性模量的光电测量方法．设计了激光干涉法测量长度微变量的测量装置，并介绍了测量原理，给出了动镜移动方向判别电路．     

Point load determination of static elastic moduli using laser speckle interferometry

Electronic speckle interferometry (ESPI) is used to determine the Young's modulus E and Poisson ratio ν of an isotropic material. Micron scale deformations of the surface of the block of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) are induced by normal application of a known near-point force. These deformations are recorded in speckle interferometric fringe patterns. An iterative minimum error inversion technique is developed to obtain the elastic properties from the positions of fringe peaks and troughs observed in the fringe patterns. Sensitivity tests of the method on calculated fringe patterns using measured experimental uncertainties suggest the technique will provide measures of the elastic moduli to better than 5%. In an experimental test on a bloc of PMMA (acrylic) the technique gave values of E and ν that differed from corresponding measures obtained using more conventional strain-gauge methods by less than 4%.     

An isothermal equation of state for solids

An isothermal equation of state (EOS) for solids, recently suggested by the authors in the realistic form, V/V₀=f(P), with relative volume as the dependent and the pressure as the independent variable, was shown to have an advantage for some close-packed materials in that it allows B′_∞=(∂B_s/∂P)_s(P→∞) to be fitted, and this is where the usual standard equations fail. In the present study, our EOS is applied to a number of inorganic as well as organic solids, including alloys, glasses, rubbers and plastics; varying widely in their bonding and structural characteristics, as well as in their bulk modulus values. A very good agreement is observed between the data and fits. The results obtained are compared with those from two well-known equations, expressible in the realistic form, proposed by Murnaghan and Luban. Further, the results are also compared with those from the widely used two- and three-parameter EOSs, expressible in the unrealistic form only, P=f(V/V₀), proposed by Birch—and also with those from the EOS model of Keane in which B′_∞ is explicitly expressed as an equation of state parameter. The results obtained from our model compare well to these EOSs. Our EOS, in general, yields the smallest mean-squared deviations between data and fits. The values of B′_∞calculated from our EOS are compared with those from Keane's model. Further, we have studied the variation of B′_∞with temperature using the experimental isotherms of Mo and W at 10 different temperatures ranging from 100 to 1000 K, and observed that the values of B′_∞ yielded by our model and that of Keane vary, as expected, within a narrow range. Furthermore, our EOS is applied to study the stability of the fit parameters with variation in the pressure ranges with reference to the isothermal compression data on Mo and W—and also to study the variation of isothermal bulk modulus with pressure, with reference to the ultrasonic data on NaCl and noted a very good agreement with experiment. In addition, our model is applied, with B₀ and B′₀ constrained to the theoretical values, to the five theoretical isotherms of MgO at 300, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 K obtained on the basis of a first principles approach—a good agreement is observed with the predictions, and the values of B′_∞ inferred at different temperatures tend to converge to a constant value.     

重力场与静电场特点的比较

“场”是一种客观存在的物质，但由于“场”具有不易直接感受的特殊存在形态，同学们对“场”的物质性的理解不够深刻，解决“场”的相关问题时也感到棘手．笔者就高中阶段最典型的两种场——“重力场”和“静电场”的力学性质与能量特点进行比较，使同学们对“场”的概念有更深刻的认识．     

Dielectric behavior of nano-structured and bulk Li Ni Zn ferrite samples

The ac conductivity and dielectric properties of spinel ferrite nanoparticles of Li_0.1(Ni_1−xZn_x)_0.8Fe_2.1O₄ (x=0.0–1.0) prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method were investigated as functions of frequency and temperature by using a complex impedance technique. Parts of the precipitated powders were pressed into a disk-shape and were sintered at 1473 K for 2 h to increase the particle size to the bulk scale (dimensions >100 nm). The ac conductivity of the samples increases with increasing temperature, ensuring the semiconducting behavior of both nano and bulk samples, in agreement with the Koops model to describe heterogeneous structures. The significant decrease in ac conductivity σ′_ac, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of the as-prepared nanosamples compared to their bulk counterparts is correlated to the small size of the grain compared to the grain boundary size. This might be useful for many applications requiring the reduction of eddy current effects.