Study of Temperature and UV Wavelength Range Effects on Degradation of Photo-Irradiated Polyethylene Films Using DMA

Plastic bags mostly made of polyethylene (PE) cause pollution as solid waste due to their non-degradability nature. Initiation of a degradative process by enhanced photo-oxidation is a possible method for an accelerated degradation. This paper presents temperature treatment effects on PE films where photodegradation was initiated using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in the ranges of 200–300 nm and 300–400 nm for 2 hr. Effects of temperature of 40°C and 55°C on non-UV-irradiated and UV-irradiated PE films processed by conventional methods were investigated and evaluated after 50 hr, 150 hr, and 350 hr of temperature exposure. The effects of UV wavelength range irradiation on the degradation were deduced. Measuring the dynamic moduli using a dynamic mechanical analyzer monitored the degradation. The decrease in average storage modulus was 62% with treatment at 55°C, higher than the 16% drop at 40°C for unirradiated samples after 350-hr exposure. Cross-linking in UV-exposed samples, characterized by an increase in dynamic modulus (stiffening), was observed followed by a reduction of storage modulus. Temperature treatment at 55°C together with 300–400-nm UV range irradiation resulted in the largest increase, i.e., 22% after 150 hr, followed by the largest reduction of storage modulus, i.e., 74.6% for a cumulative 350-hr exposure.     

Preparation and Characterization of Isotactic Polypropylene Reinforced with Hydroxyapatite Nanorods

Isotactic polypropylene (PP) composites filled with hydroxyapatite nanorods (nHAs) were fabricated using a melt compounding process. The effects of nHA additions on the structure, thermal, and mechanical properties as well as bioactivity of PP were investigated. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that PP crystallized exclusively in the α-form when adding nHAs. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that nHAs enhanced the storage modulus of PP. Mechanical measurements showed that nHAs stiffened and reinforced PP but reduced its tensile ductility and impact strength considerably. Furthermore, the PP/nHA nanocomposites were found to exhibit excellent bioactivity upon immersion in a simulated body fluid solution. This was attributed to the formation of apatite mineral crystals on the nanocomposite surfaces as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis.     

Improved method for loss measurements in planar waveguides

A method employing an isosceles prism and a right-angle one is developed for loss measurement in planar waveguides. During the measuring process, the isosceles prism is fixed and the right-angle prism fixed on the waveguide slides by following the waveguide. Only by adjusting the gap thickness we can realize the loss measurement in planar waveguides. The method is demonstrated with an Ag/Na ion-exchanged waveguide fabricated on BK7 glass from AgNO₃ melt diluted with NaNO₃ (mass ratio 1:9), with the condition of 4 h and . The experimental results show that the method has the advantages on convenient operation, accurate results and no required end polishing.     

Representation surfaces of Young''s modulus and Poisson''s ratio for BCC transition metals

 The general expressions for the compliance , Young's modulus E(h k l) and Poisson's ratio υ(h k l) along an arbitrary direction [h k l] are given for cubic crystals. The representation surfaces, for which the length of the radius vector in the [h k l] direction equals to E(h k l) or υ(h k l), are constructed for seven BCC transition metals Cr, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ta, V and W. Neglecting W, which is isotropic, both representation surfaces of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are spherical surfaces. The remaining BCC transition metals may be grouped into two classes. In the first group (Cr, Mo, Nb and V) with negative values of s_A, Young's modulus surface has eight depressed corners and six rounded protuberances at the centers of the faces. In the second group (Fe and Ta) with positive values of s_A, on the contrary, Young's modulus surface has eight rounded protuberance corners and six depressions at the centers of the faces. The contrary conclusions are obtained for Poisson's ratio.     

基于小波变换的高斯点扩展函数估计

点扩展函数估计是图像复原的重要内容,目前还没有精确估计的算法。根据小波理论,提出了新的高斯型点扩展函数精确估计算法。算法首先对模糊图像作平滑处理,抑止噪声;然后对图像进行不同尺度小波变换,并分别计算出变换后小波模极大值;再根据推导出的不同尺度下小波模极大值、李氏指数、方差三者之间的关系,准确计算出高斯点扩展函数的方差。实验结果表明,算法的估计精度高,达到了95%左右,具有重要的应用价值。     

杨氏模量用电学量转换测量的设计

本文在传统的力学量测定的实验基础上,利用电学量参数变化测定杨氏模量,达到研究应力与应变的规律。     

衍射法测量金属丝的杨氏模量

本文提出了一种新的测量金属丝杨氏模量的方法--夫琅禾费单缝衍射法.平行光遇到由金属丝被拉伸形变而形成的单缝,产生衍射,用CCD光强分布测量仪接收衍射光信号,用示波器定标方法测量衍射角,可以精确计算金属丝的杨氏模量.最后与普通光杠杆放大法比较,对可能引入的误差来源做了分析,结果证明,本方法测量精度更高、相对误差更小.     

辉光放电聚合物结构及力学性质研究

采用低压等离子体聚合技术,通过调整工作气压和反式二丁烯(T₂B)与H₂流量比制备了辉光放电聚合物(GDP)涂层. 利用傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和元素分析法讨论了工作气压和T₂B与H₂流量比对GDP涂层内部H原子含量及结构的影响,并且通过纳米压痕技术对GDP涂层的硬度及杨氏模量进行了表征.研究结果表明:降低工作气压和T₂B与H₂流量比,GDP涂层内sp³ C 关键词： 傅里叶变换红外光谱 纳米压痕 杨氏模量 硬度     

高真空多层绝热容器真空丧失后传热研究综述

高真空多层绝热低温容器突然的真空丧失可能会引发重大的安全事故.文中综述了国内外研究者在高真空多层绝热低温容器突然的真空丧失方面的研究成果,并对未来的研究方向进行了讨论和展望.