The EHD-driven fluid flow and deformation of a liquid jet by a transverse electric field

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a uniform transverse electric field on the steady-state behavior of a liquid cylinder surrounded by another liquid of infinite extent. The governing electrohydrodynamic equations are solved for Newtonian and immiscible fluids in the framework of leaky-dielectric theory and in the limit of small electric field and fluid inertia. A detailed analysis of the electrical and hydrodynamic stresses acting on the interface separating the two fluids is presented, and an expression is found for the interface deformation for small distortions from a circular shape. The electrical stresses acting on the interface of two leaky-dielectric liquids are compared with those acting on an interface separating a perfect dielectric or infinitely conducting core fluid cylinder from a surrounding perfect dielectric fluid. A comparison is made between the results of this study and those of a similar study for fluids with permeable interfaces and the classical results for liquid drops.     

Computationally useful bridge diagram series for the structure and thermodynamics of Lennard-Jones fluids

The first two orders of bridge diagrams, those with two and three field points, have been calculated exactly for the Lennard-Jones fluid for several isotherms. The method of calculation was one of expansion in Legendre polynomials, and the dependence of the method on the number of polynomials needed for accurate results was investigated. Thermodynamic and structural properties of the Lennard-Jones fluid calculated from integral equation methods with the inclusion of bridge diagrams were found to be systematically improved. Two attempts at predicting the missing bridge diagrams of even higher order were discussed. The first, which uses the functional form of those diagrams that were calculated exactly, showed no significant improvement. The second, a series sum based on the first two orders of calculated diagrams and motivated by the success of a similar heuristic sum in the case of hard spheres, was extremely successful. When the series sum was employed, thermodynamic and structural quantities were improved to the point where the difference between simulation results and integral equation results was of the same order as the error in the simulations themselves. Received: 9 January 1997 / Accepted 28 January 1997     

不同介电常数悬浮颗粒的电流变液固态结构

讨论了两种不同介电常数的固体颗粒不同配比时,对电流变液固态结构的影响。计算结果表明,颗粒的介电常数及配比变化时电流变液的固态结构没有变化,只影响其能量大小;而且发现在低介电常数颗粒的电流变液中加入少许高介电常数颗粒会引起体系能量的显著下降,从而增加了电流变液的稳定性和剪切应力。     

On the nonlinear interpretation of a vibrating wire viscometer operated at large amplitude

A non-linear interpretation is proposed for the vibrating wire (VW) viscometer operated with the transient or ringdown method. This new interpretation is motivated by the necessity of having an acceptable signal to noise ratio (SNR) such that a measurement can be performed in 1 s. A large SNR is achieved by a large oscillation amplitude such that the requisite conditions for the linear interpretation are no longer met. We demonstrate the applicability of a new non-linear interpretation with wires of length 40 mm and 50 mm over a viscosity range from 0.3 to 159 mPa s where the maximum amplitude of motion is approximately two thirds of the radius.     

The electrohydrodynamics of superimposed fluids subjected to a nonuniform transverse electric field

This study aims to investigate electrohydrodynamics of two superimposed fluids that are confined between a pair of two-dimensional flat plates and are exposed to a sinusoidal electric field in zero gravity. The goal is to identify the parameters that affect the flow structure and interface deformation using a simple closed form solution. The governing electrohydrodynamic equations are solved analytically for Newtonian and immiscible fluids in the framework of leaky-dielectric theory and in the limit of small electric field and fluid inertia. A detailed analysis of the electric and flow fields is presented and it is shown that the electric field induces sinusoidal electrical stresses at the interface, which lead to periodic convection cells. The parameters affecting the sense of flow circulation and strength are investigated and it is shown that the former depends on the relative magnitude of the electric permittivity and conductivity ratios while the latter is controlled by the relative thicknesses of the fluid layers and the ratio of the electric conductivities and viscosities of the fluids. The maximum flow strength is achieved at a relative thickness that is set by the competition between the electric and hydrodynamic effects. For small deformation, the distortion of the interface is examined using a normal stress balance at the interface, and it is shown that the degree of interface deformation scales with the square of the amplitude of the electric potential nonuniformity, while its wavenumber is twice that of the imposed potential nonuniformity. Furthermore, a zero-deformation curve is found, which delineates the region in the permittivity-conductivity space according to the sense of interface deformation. The results show that for certain ranges of fluid layer thicknesses and permittivity ratios, the interface will remain flat, despite the action of the nonuiform field.     

NMR and RAMAN studies of fluids at high pressure

Abstract

Selected results of the studies dealing with the motional dynamics of liquid 2-ethylhexyl cyclohexanecar-boxylate (EHC) and 2-ethylhexyl benzoate (EHB) illustrate the progress in instrumentation development for high-resolution, high-pressure NMR experiments on liquids.

A brief overview of recent laser Raman scattering studies of the collision induced scattering in simple polyatomic molecular fluids is also presented.     

谱学分析在造山带硅质岩中的应用及其地质意义

南秦岭造山带旬阳盆地吕河地区发育有泥盆系硅质岩剖面,该剖面中的硅质岩以谱学特征为基础的微区特征清晰的记录了硅质岩的形成及后期演变信息。以南秦岭造山带旬阳盆地吕河硅质岩样品为对象,借助XRF、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和X射线粉晶衍射分析结果表明：该硅质岩内矿物主要为低温石英并包含极少量的碳酸盐矿物。XRD分析结果进一步证实该碳酸盐矿物为白云石。在吕河硅质岩内,SiO₂结构463 cm-1附近拉曼特征峰经高斯拟合后的峰面积和FWHM值证实发生了低温石英的重结晶作用,该过程中伴随了流体作用引发的有序度变化和石英颗粒的自身有序度变化。在重结晶过程中,石英颗粒的自身重结晶伴随了有序度随时间推移而逐渐增高。流体作用对硅质岩的改造表现为硅质岩内碳酸盐脉体的穿插,该过程还导致低温石英有序度提升,其中越靠近矿物边缘处的SiO₂结构有序度越高。造山带演化过程对硅质岩进行的改造主要体现在两个方面：一方面,构造应力破坏了岩石的连续性并为后期热液流体的运移穿插提供了空间;另一方面,后期流体作用的参与促进了石英颗粒重结晶的进程。红外光谱可以系统的识别硅质岩内矿物的结构类型,拉曼光谱分析可以揭示原位（in situ）微组构特征,XRD在硅质岩内微量杂质矿物的识别优势明显,这些谱学手段为研究硅质岩的成岩演化提供了重要示范。     

Une alternative aux hypothèses de Boussinesq des gaz chauds : L'approximation polytropiqueAn alternative to Boussinesq hypothesis for hot gases,the polytropic approximation

A new approximation is proposed for the balance equations of heated gas flows, taking into account completely the couplings between dynamic and thermal fields, as well as compressibility, stating in a polytropic formulation the relation between the quantities of corresponding state. The polytropic exponent is the new variable that characterises the transfers; it substitutes the temperature for the pressure and the density that are physical quantities difficult to grasp. The method opens interesting prospects for the study of heated gases, for experiments, or for modelling and numerical simulation. To cite this article: C. Rey, S. Benjeddou, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

磁流变弹性体剪切性能的动态实验研究

简述了一种磁流变弹性体(MRE)剪切性能的动态测试装置,其主要结构是由一块磁流变弹性体和一个质量块组成的单自由度振动系统。在磁场作用下,磁流变弹性体的力学性能发生相应的改变。通过该装置测出有场下的MRE受剪切激励后的自由衰减特性,并建立理论模型,从而间接得到剪切模量G(BMRE)和材料损耗因子βm(BMRE)。这样的处理方法使得实验条件得到简化且不依赖于初始激励状态。所得到的剪切模量的变化性能与文献中报道的一致(在没有达到磁饱和的条件下,剪切模量随外加磁场的变化而改变),但剪切模量的改变量是零场下剪切模量的60%,磁控性能也有所提高,并得到了材料损耗因子。     

分光光度法测定水基切削液及机械加工废水中亚硝酸盐含量

建立了邻甲氧基苯酚重氮偶联分光光度法测定水基切削液及机械加工废水中亚硝酸盐的方法。对其最佳显色时间、显色体系酸碱加入量、温度、检测波长及主要的基体干扰因素进行了考察。该方法的最佳检测波长为452nm,显色时间为1min—24h。0.1%的Cu2+、0.01%的Fe3+、0.2%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)、2%的聚乙二醇(PEG)400对测定无影响。与国标法、高效液相色谱法相比较,方法具有快速、准确、操作简单等优点,适合于基质复杂的水基切削液及机械加工废水的质量监控与检测。对4种实际样品中的亚硝酸盐含量进行了测定,发现样品中均不同程度含有亚硝酸盐,浓度范围为1.50—1.62×104mg/L。