基于Sentinel-2卫星数据的水稻叶片叶绿素含量反演研究

叶绿素含量是评价农作物健康状况、生产能力和环境胁迫的重要指标,实时、快速、准确获取农作物叶片叶绿素含量对监测农作物生长状况具有重要意义.遥感是获取区域和全球农作物叶片叶绿素含量的有效途径,但已有的作物叶片叶绿素含量遥感反演研究未充分考虑下垫面背景的干扰,影响了反演精度.为此,以Sentinel-2遥感卫星影像为数据源,...     

Extraction of Proteins from Switchgrass Using Aqueous Ammonia within an Integrated Biorefinery

Switchgrass (Panicum vergatum) is a potential feedstock for future cellulosic biorefineries. Such a feedstock may also provide protein, most likely for use as an animal feed. In this paper, we present a potential scheme for integrating fiber processing with extractions to obtain both sugar and protein products from switchgrass pretreated using Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX). Solutions of 3% aqueous ammonia at pH 10.5 provided optimal extraction of proteins. Addition of the nonionic surfactant Tween-80 improved protein recovery for AFEX-treated materials. It was determined that an extraction following AFEX solubilized approximately 40% of the protein, while a subsequent hydrolysis solubilized much of the remaining protein while producing 325 g sugar per kg biomass. The remaining insoluble residue contained very little protein or ash, making it ideal for heat and power production. In contrast, an extraction following hydrolysis solubilized only 68% of the original protein in the biomass, while obtaining slightly higher sugar yields.     

植物叶片光谱角对土壤铀污染的指示作用

通过在土壤中添加浓度为0(对照组),25,75,125,175,275,375和485μg·g-1的铀,进行5种植物(苎麻、印度芥菜、酸模、甘蓝型油菜、玉米)的盆栽实验,研究了不同生长期的叶片光谱角对土壤铀污染的定性和定量指示作用,分析了定量指示作用与叶片铀含量的关系,并筛选出来在苗期即能反演土壤铀含量的植物,为通过野...     

Optimization and numerical investigation of an excavator carrier

The excavator carrier is a device for moving the excavator. There are many operational benefits in using this carrier to transport excavators safely, easily, and efficiently. An earlier model of this carrier is manufactured and in tests showed that the design needs to be improved. In this paper, a finite element method is used to model and analyze this carrier and optimize the design for better performance. The static and dynamic analysis is done to optimizing carrier design for removing the defect that identified in practical test. The goal of optimization is to increase the carrier's life, increase the safety of transportation, decrease the cost, and finally, commercialize the product. The results show that the carrier's weight is decreased by up to 30%. Also, a holder and lock system in the back of the carrier is designed for increasing the transportation safety and the stiffness of the carrier chassis. The effect of increasing a suspension system is studied, the idea is using leaf spring. The numerical results show that using the suspension system increases the carrier's life by up to 30% while adding a suspension system increases manufacturing costs by up to 10%.     

联合MODIS与MISR遥感数据估算叶面积指数

多光谱传感器MODIS与多角度传感器MISR同时搭载在美国EOS观测计划的Terra卫星上,不同的观测方式使得两个传感器的数据组合后形成互补的多光谱多角度观测数据集,为地表参数的遥感估算提供了更多的对地观测信息.该文通过研究组合MODIS与MISR两种观测数据估算陆地表面植被覆盖区域叶面积指数的方法,发展了在物理模型反演的框架内引入基于伴随模型和信赖域优化的反演模式,改进了叶面积指数的遥感估算效果,提高了模型反演的运算速度.对试验区反演结果的验证说明融合两种数据源可以提高叶而积指数的估算精度.基于伴随模型和信赖域优化的地表参数反演方法,为应用于大范围遥感图像数据的模型反演提供了一种有效的途径.     

Proteomic profiling of mature leaves from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Oil palm is one of the most productive oil bearing crops grown in Southeast Asia. Due to the dwindling availability of agricultural land and increasing demand for high yielding oil palm seedlings, clonal propagation is vital to the oil palm industry. Most commonly, leaf explants are used for in vitro micropropagation of oil palm and to optimize this process it is important to unravel the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryo production from leaves. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to determine protein abundance of mature oil palm leaves. To do this, leaf proteins were extracted using TCA/acetone precipitation protocol and separated by 2DE. A total of 191 protein spots were observed on the 2D gels and 67 of the most abundant protein spots that were consistently observed were selected for further analysis with 35 successfully identified using MALDI TOF/TOF MS. The majority of proteins were classified as being involved in photosynthesis, metabolism, cellular biogenesis, stress response, and transport. This study provides the first proteomic assessment of oil palm leaves in this important oil crop and demonstrates the successful identification of selected proteins spots using the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Elaeis guineensis EST and NCBI‐protein databases. The MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium database with the data set identifier PXD001307.     

Imaging the stomatal physiology of somatic embryo-derived peanut leaves by scanning electrochemical microscopy

The stomatal physiology, chlorophyll distribution and photosynthetic activity of somatic embryo (SE)- and seedling-derived peanut plants grown in vitro (test tube-grown) and extra vitrum (soil-grown) are investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). This SECM imaging is performed in two different feedback modes, corresponding to oxygen evolution and chlorophyll distribution. More specifically, the oxygen evolution profiles of the in vitro leaves indicate important differences in leaf anatomy between the SE- and seedling-derived leaves. On the other hand, the chlorophyll distribution images show individual stomata of size ca. 27 ± 5μm. Further studies on senescing (aged) leaves reveal interesting voltammograms that vary widely over the stomatal complexes and the surrounding tissues, probably due to the release of electroactive metabolites during chlorophyll breakdown when the leaves turn yellow. Thus, the present investigation could open up new opportunities for characterizing botanical systems using electroanalytical techniques. In addition, it could provide further insights into various areas of current relevance, including signal transduction, cell fate/differentiation and developmental biology. Schematic representation of SECM imaging used in this investigation. The SECM probe is a Pt UME disk (25 μm diameter) embedded in an insulating glass sheath so that the ratio of the diameter of the death to that of the electrode surface (RG) is 7. RE denotes the reference electrode Ag/AgCl, sat. KCl and CE refers to the counter electrode, a Pt wire. Oxygen evolving from the leaf surface during photosynthesis diffuses into the electrolyte (0.1 M KCl) and gets reduced at the Pt UME, biased to a potential of −0.5 V, at a diffusion-limited rate to produce a change in the tip-current     

基于太赫兹技术的植物叶片水分检测初步研究

叶片含水量是植物健康状况的重要衡量指标之一。太赫兹波处于红外和微波之间,对样品水分变化非常敏感,当太赫兹光谱穿透含水丰富的叶片时,叶片中水分等物质能对太赫兹光谱产生强烈的吸收,根据叶片不同位置处水分含量的不同,能利用太赫兹光谱技术对植物叶片进行成像。本研究利用太赫兹技术检测植物叶片的水分含量,初步探讨植物叶片中水分和太赫兹成像的相关关系。实验采集离体绿萝叶片,每隔一定时间通过太赫兹光谱仪对叶片逐点扫描,获取叶片每一点的太赫兹时域光谱数据,经过傅里叶变换得到对应频域光谱,提取时域幅值的光谱参数以及特定频域光谱,对植物叶片图像进行重构,获取植物叶片的二维图像。结果表明,不同频率下,绿萝离体叶片的太赫兹二维图像呈现明显差异,叶肉与叶脉中水分含量不同,对太赫兹波的吸收也不同,根据图像,能清晰显示植物叶片叶肉与叶脉部位的水分含量差异。通过叶片时域幅值的平均值、叶片频域平均值与叶片水分含量建立相应的回归模型,时域最小幅值光谱与水分含量建立的最佳模型预测相关性达0.989 1,预测均方根误差为0.024 4 g。研究表明太赫兹技术用于植物叶片的水分含量检测具有较好的研究潜力。     

龙舌兰麻类3属11种植物叶纤维细胞形态结构研究

观察龙舌兰麻类３属１１种（含亚种）植物叶纤维细胞形态结构表明，龙舌兰麻类叶纤维细胞端部或尖细或钝圆，部分呈扭曲状，表面凹凸不平，有多条明显纵向突起和沟槽，大多数纤维细胞有一至多个外突型、内陷型或平滑型结节，节距为３７５．５１～８６２．９２μｍ，胞壁上或多或少地存在着圆形或椭圆形孔洞，孔径为０．０５～３．０μｍ，巨原纤呈链条状，直径为０．０６～０．１８μｍ左右，大部分巨原纤趋于纤维轴向排列，但亚洲马盖麻和东一号的纤维局部区域交织成网状结构。