A computational technique for high enthalpy shock tube and shock tunnel flow simulation

A contact discontinuity tracking method with a specially designed moving grid is developed to eliminate the interface smearing completely. In order to precisely locate the contact surface, an updated Riemann solver for unsteady one-dimensional inviscid flows is also developed to allow consideration of the specific heat ratio change across the shock wave. These two new computational techniques are illustrated in a high Mach number shock tube flow field computation. Received 30 October 1997 / Accepted 6 December 1997     

高耸塔台结构抗风实验研究

本文对首都机场新塔台结构的刚性模型和气动弹性模型进行了风洞试验研究。提出了考虑弗劳德数等一系列相似参数模拟的高耸塔台结构气动弹性模型的设计制作方法。获得了高耸塔台结构的风压分布规律及加速度风振响应特性。     

飞行器船尾设计对亚声速底阻影响及风洞试验验证

减小阻力尤其是底部阻力,是飞行器增加航程的重要手段,而船尾布局则是减小底部阻力的有效措施。为研究船尾修型设计在亚声速段对飞行器阻力的影响规律,对某飞行器外形开展船尾修型设计并进行数值模拟,分析了不同船尾形状和船尾角度对飞行器阻力的影响情况,并开展了风洞试验验证。结果表明,船尾修型设计可以有效减小底部阻力;船尾采用曲线过渡的减阻效果优于直线过渡;在限定船尾过渡段尺寸(轴向长度80 mm、法向高度40 mm)的情况下,船尾角度超过45°的修型设计,对底部的减阻效果更为明显;风洞试验结论与数值分析结果一致。     

某公路隧道不同纤维混凝土支护结构性能比较

软弱、破碎围岩的公路隧道支护一直是困扰公路隧道施工的技术难题。结合三里冲软弱围岩公路隧道工程地质条件和隧道开挖设计参数,采用FLAC软件对钢纤维混凝土锚喷和聚丙烯纤维混凝土锚喷2种初期支护结构进行数值模拟研究。从应力、位移和塑性区3个方面分析隧道围岩的稳定性。计算结果表明,聚丙烯纤维混凝土锚喷支护结构能充分发挥围岩自承载能力,提高隧道的稳定性,能有效减少二次衬砌混凝土的厚度。     

冻融循环对含纯Ⅰ型裂隙围岩的动态起裂特性影响规律

以寒区隧道为工程背景研究在冻融循环作用下围岩内Ⅰ型裂纹的动态起裂特性演化规律,采用隧道模型试件作为研究对象,开展冻融循环试验与大尺度落锤冲击试验,得到岩石试件经历不同冻融循环次数后的相关力学参数,并在裂纹尖端粘贴裂纹扩展计(crack propagation gauge, CPG)测量预制裂纹的动态起裂时间。采用有限元软件建立相应的数值模型计算裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子,采用试验-数值法计算动态起裂韧度,随后采用电镜对冻融循环后的试样进行扫描,研究冻融循环对岩石材料的细观损伤机制。研究结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,岩石材料的纵波、横波波速与弹性模量逐渐减小,而泊松比逐渐增大;砂岩材料的动态起裂韧度随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐减小,表征线性反比例的特性;材料内部的胶结物质会由于冻融循环的影响而流失,材料的孔隙和裂纹也随着冻融循环次数的增加而变多变大。     

宁波轨道交通孔浦站隧道施工力学效应研究

针对孔浦站地下区间隧道为软土地区及已有人行天桥桩基的工程情况,进行二维有限元数值模拟的盾构隧道施工力学行为研究.分析了衬砌隧道施工各个阶段隧道变形、地表及桩基的沉降情况,并提出工程建议,对宁波地铁隧道的近接施工有一定的参考价值.     

基于D-P准则的盾构隧道围岩与衬砌结构相互作用分析1）

在进行盾构隧道管片衬砌结构载荷计算时,常采用全土柱或压力拱理论计算围岩松动压力,但当盾构隧道面临深埋条件且需计入形变压力时,该方法难以适用.鉴于此,基于Drucker-Prager屈服准则,推导了考虑渗流效应影响下围岩与衬砌结构相互作用的弹塑性解析解,给出了围岩弹、塑性区应力与位移、塑性区半径等关键参数与支护阻力间关系的解析式.阐述了上述解析结果在确定衬砌结构载荷中的应用,即建立围岩与衬砌结构静力平衡状态并求二者对应曲线的交点.进一步地,考虑接头引起管片衬砌结构整体刚度降低对围岩与衬砌结构相互作用的影响,引入刚度折减系数,并在衬砌结构围岩压力确定中对施工期流固耦合效应的影响和渗流力对衬砌结构支护特性曲线的影响进行了简化处理.最后,通过算例将解析解与水下盾构隧道载荷实测值和数值计算值进行了比较.结果表明：用解析方法得到的施工期和稳定期的管片衬砌结构围岩压力比现场实测值分别大28%和12%,稳定期围岩压力比数值计算值大5%,可为类似工程的设计施工提供一定的参考价值.     

Perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction and its application in magnetic random access memory

Recent progresses in magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) are reviewed and summarized. At first, the concept and source of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA) are introduced. Next, a historical overview of PMA materials as magnetic electrodes, such as the RE–TM alloys TbFeCo and GdFeCo, novel tetragonal manganese alloys Mn–Ga, L10-ordered(Co, Fe)/Pt alloy, multilayer film [Co, Fe, CoFe/Pt, Pd, Ni, Au]N, and ultra-thin magnetic metal/oxidized barrier is offered. The other part of the article focuses on the optimization and fabrication of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB p-MTJs, which is thought to have high potential to meet the main demands for non-volatile magnetic random access memory.     

Design and experiments on a wide range fiber Bragg grating sensor for health monitoring of coal mines

The tunnel collapse problem of coal mine is very common and its damage is very serious. It also seriously endangers people's lives and property safety. At present, a variety of instruments are used for tunnel roof structure health monitoring in most of the coal mines at home and abroad. In this paper, a displacement sensor using optical fiber grating technology was designed, which could be used to prevent the problem of coal mine tunnel collapse by monitoring the coal mine tunnel roof displacement. Firstly, finite element analysis was demonstrated to simulate the stress and displacement of coal mine tunnel roof to determine where to install the sensor. Then the characteristics of the fiber Bragg grating sensor were analyzed in detail and the sensor structure was designed according to the actual requirements in the coal mine. At last, the feasibility of the whole system was experimentally verified. The cross-sensitivity of the temperature and displacement issue with FBG sensors could be eliminated by using matched pairs of FBG. The measuring range of 50 mm and the measurement resolution up to 0.06 mm could be obtained with the proposed sensor.     

MgO单晶势垒磁性隧道结的第一性原理计算和实验研究

在MgO单晶势垒磁性隧道结中发现的室温高隧穿磁电阻现象,是近些年自旋电子学以及磁性隧道结磁电阻材料研究中的又一重大突破。本文主要评述和介绍2001年以来MgO单晶势垒磁性隧道结第一性原理计算和实验上的重要进展,以及介绍利用Layer-KKR第一性原理计算方法研究的Fe(001)/MgO/Fe、Fe(001)/FeO/MgO/Fe、Fe(001)/Mg/MgO/Fe、Fe(001)/Co/MgO/Co/Fe和Fe(001)/MgO/Fe/MgO/Fe等基于单晶MgO(001)单势垒及双势垒磁性隧道结材料的电子结构和自旋相关输运性质研究的最新进展。这些第一性原理定量计算的结果,不仅从物理上增强了对MgO单晶势垒磁性隧道结的电子结构和自旋相关输运特性的了解,而且对于研究新型室温磁电阻隧道结材料及其在自旋电子学器件中的广泛应用,具有一定的参考价值。