Interface effects in spin-polarized metal/insulator layered structures

Recent advances in thin-film deposition techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition, have allowed for the manufacture of heterostructures with nearly atomically abrupt interfaces. Although the bulk properties of the individual heterostructure components may be well-known, often the heterostructures exhibit novel and sometimes unexpected properties due to interface effects. At heterostructure interfaces, lattice structure, stoichiometry, interface electronic structure (bonding, interface states, etc.), and symmetry all conspire to produce behavior different from the bulk constituents. This review discusses why knowledge of the electronic structure and composition at the interfaces is pivotal to the understanding of the properties of heterostructures, particularly the (spin polarized) electronic transport in (magnetic) tunnel junctions.     

Magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions

We comment on both recent progress and lingering puzzles related to research on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). MTJs are already being used in applications such as magnetic-field sensors in the read heads of disk drives, and they may also be the first device geometry in which spin-torque effects are applied to manipulate magnetic dynamics, in order to make non-volatile magnetic random access memory. However, there remain many unanswered questions about such basic properties as the magnetoresistance of MTJs, how their properties change as a function of tunnel-barrier thickness and applied bias, and what are the magnitude and direction of the spin-transfer-torque vector induced by a tunnel current.     

Improved Reversible Zinc Storage Achieved in a Constitutionally Crystalline-Stable Mn(VO3)2 Nanobelts Cathode

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are potential for grid-scale applications owing to their safety, low price, and available sources. The development of ZIBs cathode with high specific capacity, wide operating voltage window and stable cyclability is urgently needed in next-generation commercial batteries. Herein, we report a structurally crystalline-stable Mn(VO₃)₂ nanobelts cathode for ZIBs prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized Mn(VO₃)₂ exhibited high specific capacity of 350 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, and maintained a capacity retention of 92 % after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. It also showed good rate performance and obtained a reversible capacity of up to 200 mAh g⁻¹ after 600 cycles at 0.2 A g⁻¹ under −20 °C. The electrochemical tests suggest that Mn(VO₃)₂ nanobelts impart fast Zn²⁺ ions migration, and the introduction of manganese atoms help make the structures more indestructible, leading to a good rate performance and prolonged cycle lifespan.     

大气边界层模拟的湍流相似

大气边界层的风洞模拟,是目前研究建筑物风载,污染质的大气扩散,以及解决某些环境科学和军事科学中大型课题的重要手段之一。在许多国家,风洞模拟已成为环境部门设计大型工程、林区、厂区和城区规划的主要依据。最初的大气边界层模拟装置,仅考虑形成一定的平均风速廓线,并未考虑到气流的湍流特性。微气象学的研究表明,大气的湍流特性是影响扩散的主要因素。特别是Monin和Obukhov通过大量实测资料提出大气表面层中的相似性理论,成为研究大气扩散的重要依据。从50年代开始,一些研究大气扩散和建筑物风载问题的长实验段风洞相继筹划和建立。其中较著名的有,美国科罗拉多州立大学的1.8米×1.8米×30米的回流式长实验段气      

硅基MIS隧道二极管的研究

硅基ＭＩＳ隧道发光二极管为制造用于超大规模集成电路的硅基光器件提供了可能性,报道了ＭＩＳ隧道发光二极管的制作 过程,电流电压和发射光谱特性,讨论了负阻现象和发光机理。     

氢氧燃烧及爆轰驱动激波管

分析并观察了沿驱动段轴向分布多火塞燃烧驱动段的性能．提出主膜处同一管截面均匀分布三火花塞引燃的点火方法．用这种点火方法驱动产生的入射激波强度重复性较高,激波后气流速度、温度和压力的定常性亦大大改善,可满足气动试验实际要求．提出在驱动段尾端串接卸爆段来消除爆轰波反射高压,从而可使反向爆轰驱动段用来产生高焓高密度试验气流．这种反向爆轰驱动产生的入射激波重复性高,激波衰减弱．在主膜处的收缩段产生的反射波可缓解爆轰波后跟随的稀疏波的不利影响,从而使前向爆轰驱动具有实用性．在产生的入射激波强度相同条件下,前向爆轰驱动所需的爆轰驱动段可爆混合气初始压力可较反向爆轰低近一个量级．     

The numerical and experimental simulation of hypervelocity flow around the HYFLEX vehicle forebody

Numerical and experimental techniques are used to model the flow and pressure distribution around the forebody of the HYFLEX hypersonic flight vehicle. We compare numerical simulation results with modified Newtonian theory and flight data to determine the accuracy of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique used. The numerical simulations closely match the trends in flight data, and show that real gas effects have a small but significant influence on the nose pressure distribution. We also present pressure results from a scale-model tested in a shock tunnel, and compare them with simulation results. For the shock tunnel experiment, the model was placed such that part of the upper surface was in a region of the test flow where nonuniformities were significant, and it was shown that the numerical simulation could adequately capture these experimental flow features. The binary scaling parameter (describing the similarity in species dissociation between flight and model) was used to design the scale-model tests in the shock tunnel, and its effectiveness is discussed. We find that matching the flight Mach number in the shock tunnel experiment is not critical for reproducing flight pressure data, so long as flight velocity is matched, and binary scaling is maintained. Received 11 June 1998 / Accepted 1 September 1998     

隧道洞口段非均质及各向异性土质裂缝仰坡稳定性上限解

针对忽略岩土体非均质和各向异性将导致边坡稳定性评价产生误差的问题,应用极限分析上限理论及抗剪强度系数折减法,推导土体强度非均质和各向异性影响下隧道洞口含裂缝仰坡稳定性解析式,探究土体强度非均质和各向异性对仰坡稳定性系数、坡顶裂缝位置、隧道拱顶失稳范围及仰坡安全系数的影响。结果表明,裂缝深度及坡角越大,仰坡稳定性系数越小;非均质系数越大和各向异性系数越小,维持仰坡稳定的临界坡高越大;非均质系数及各向异性系数越大,裂缝距坡顶边缘越远,隧道拱顶失稳范围越大;非均质系数增大有利于仰坡稳定,而各向异性系数越大仰坡越易失稳。