Exact expressions for transient forced internal gravity waves and spatially-localized wave packets in a Boussinesq fluid

We re-examine a simple model describing the propagation of transient forced internal gravity waves in a Boussinesq fluid with constant horizontal mean velocity which was previously studied by Nadon and Campbell (Wave Motion, 2007). The waves are generated by a horizontally-periodic lower boundary condition and propagate upwards. We derive an alternative exact expression for the solution which more readily gives insight into the behaviour of the solution at high altitude. Some special cases of lower boundary conditions are considered to illustrate the features of the solution. This form of the solution allows us to use a Fourier transform to derive the solution for the more general situation where a wave packet is generated by a horizontally-localized lower boundary condition, comprising a continuous spectrum of horizontal wavenumbers or Fourier modes. This is a more realistic representation of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere and can be used as a starting point for investigating waves generated by an obstacle of finite horizontal extent such as an isolated mountain or a mountain range.     

Non-linear behaviour of free-edge shallow spherical shells: Effect of the geometry

Non-linear vibrations of free-edge shallow spherical shells are investigated, in order to predict the trend of non-linearity (hardening/softening behaviour) for each mode of the shell, as a function of its geometry. The analog for thin shallow shells of von Kármán's theory for large deflection of plates is used. The main difficulty in predicting the trend of non-linearity relies in the truncation used for the analysis of the partial differential equations (PDEs) of motion. Here, non-linear normal modes through real normal form theory are used. This formalism allows deriving the analytical expression of the coefficient governing the trend of non-linearity. The variation of this coefficient with respect to the geometry of the shell (radius of curvature R, thickness h and outer diameter 2a) is then numerically computed, for axisymmetric as well as asymmetric modes. Plates (obtained as R→∞) are known to display a hardening behaviour, whereas shells generally behave in a softening way. The transition between these two types of non-linearity is clearly studied, and the specific role of 2:1 internal resonances in this process is clarified.     

Parametric study of control mechanism of cortical bone remodeling under mechanical stimulus

The control mechanism of mechanical bone remodeling at cellular level was investigated by means of an extensive parametric study on a theoretical model described in this paper. From a perspective of control mechanism, it was found that there are several control mechanisms working simultaneously in bone remodeling which is a complex process. Typically, an extensive parametric study was carried out for investigating model parameter space related to cell differentiation and apoptosis which can describe the fundamental cell lineage behaviors. After analyzing all the combinations of 728 permutations in six model parameters, we have identified a small number of parameter combinations that can lead to physiologically realistic responses which are similar to theoretically idealized physiological responses. The results presented in the work enhanced our understanding on mechanical bone remodeling and the identified control mechanisms can help researchers to develop combined pharmacological-mechanical therapies to treat bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis.     

均匀化理论及其在生物力学中的应用

在线弹性理论的范围内,简要介绍了新近发展起来的均匀化理论（ｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｏｒｙ）,并引入了误差分析方面的一些研究成果．由于均匀化理论可以详尽地考虑材料的微观结构,在生命器官组织的细观力学研究中会起到推动作用．作为应用实例,本文介绍了均匀化理论在密质骨力学性能的数值模拟中的应用．      

松质骨弹性模量计算的均匀化方法

对松质骨建立了六种单胞微观结构模型，采用均匀化方法和有限元方法计算松质骨的宏观等效弹性模量。给出了六种单胞模型的松质骨弹性模量与材料密度(体分比）的关系，与实验数据进行了对比，分析了不同微观结构模型在不同骨骼中的应用。结果表明，本文方法及六种单胞模型可以对松质骨微观结构和材料性能进行有效的模拟计算。同时本文又着重对松质骨的宏观等效弹性模量与体分比的指数关系进行了探讨。     

Oxidative Epigallocatechin Gallate Coating on Polymeric Substrates for Bone Tissue Regeneration

Plant derived flavonoids have not been well explored in tissue engineering applications due to difficulties in efficient formulations with biomaterials for controlled presentation. Here, the authors report that surface coating of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on polymeric substrates including poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers can be performed via oxidative polymerization of EGCG in the presence of cations, enabling regulation of biological functions of multiple cell types implicated in bone regeneration. EGCG coating on the PLLA nanofiber promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and is potent to suppress adipogenesis of ADSCs while significantly reduces osteoclastic maturation of murine macrophages. Moreover, EGCG coating serves as a protective layer for ADSCs against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the in vivo implantation of EGCG‐coated nanofibers into a mouse calvarial defect model significantly promotes the bone regeneration (61.52 ± 28.10%) as compared to defect (17.48 ± 11.07%). Collectively, the results suggest that EGCG coating is a simple bioinspired surface modification of polymeric biomaterials and importantly can thus serve as a promising interface for tuning activities of multiple cell types associated with bone fracture healing.     

One‐pot green synthesis of Cu/bone nanocomposite and its catalytic activity in the synthesis of 1‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles and reduction of hazardous pollutants

In this work, a simple and green method is reported for the biosynthesis of Cu/bone nanocomposite using Cordyline fruticosa extract as a stabilizer and reductant. Animal bone was used as a natural support to prevent the accumulation of Cu nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of Cu/bone nanocomposite was assessed in the synthesis of 1‐substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazoles and reduction of various organic dyes, including 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), nigrosin (NS), congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB). The best catalytic performance in the synthesis of 1‐substituted tetrazoles was achieved using 0.05 g of Cu/bone nanocomposite at 120°C. In addition, under optimal conditions, the absorption bands corresponding to 4‐NP, CR, NS and MB completely disappeared after about 6 min, 3 min, 50 s and 7 s, respectively. The biosynthesis protocol used in the preparation of Cu/bone nanocomposite offers a very attractive area for further research.     

8-羟基喹啉快速共沉淀分离富集原子吸收光谱法测定啤酒中的Cu和Pb

研究了用8-羟基喹啉-Mg(Ⅱ)共沉淀体系,以Mn(Ⅱ)为内标,快速共沉淀分离富集啤酒中的铜和铅,并用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法。共沉淀受pH值、载体镁和内标锰用量的影响。结果显示在pH为9的条件下,能够定量共沉淀试样中的铜和铅。当试液为100 mL时,方法的检出限分别为铜6.28×10-3 μg·mL-1,Pb 2.26×10-2 μg·mL-1回收率为97.6%～103.0%,基本消除了基体干扰,取得了较为满意的结果。该方法无需收集全部沉淀,与传统的共沉淀方法比较,克服了收集沉淀费时的缺点。方法快速、简便、重现性好。     

Vibronic spectra, ab initio calculations, and structures of conformationally non-rigid molecules of oxalyl halides in the ground and lowest excited electronic states - Part VI: Oxalyl bromide (COBr)2 and summary

The structure of oxalyl bromide (COBr)₂ in the ground and four lowest excited electronic states was theoretically investigated using the CASPT2/cc-pVTZ-DK method. Structural information obtained allowed the reassignment of the and vibronic absorption spectra. Generalization of oxalyl halide structural data for the ground and excited electronic states is presented.