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排序方式: 共有263条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
71.
72.
Multiphase flow in microfluidic systems --control and applications of droplets and interfaces 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Micro- and nanotechnology can provide us with many tools for the production, study and detection of colloidal and interfacial systems. In multiphase flow in micro- and nanochannels several immiscible fluids will be separated from each other by flexible fluidic interfaces. The multiphase coexistence and the small-volume confinement provide many attractive characteristics. Multiphase flow in microfluidic systems shows a complicated behavior but has many practical uses compared to a single-phase flow. In this paper, we discuss the methods of controlling multiphase flow to generate either micro- or nano-droplets (or bubbles) or stable stratified interfaces between fluidic phases. Furthermore, applications of the droplets and interfaces in microchannels are summarized. 相似文献
73.
In the rough phase, the width of interfaces separating different phases of statistical systems increases logarithmically with
the system size. This phenomenon is commonly described in terms of the capillary wave model, which deals with fluctuating,
infinitely thin membranes, requiring ad hoc cut-offs in momentum space. We investigate the interface roughening in a unified
approach, which does not rely on joining different models, namely in the framework of the Landau-Ginzburg model, that is renormalized
field theory, in the one-loop approximation. The interface profile and width are calculated analytically, resulting in finite
expressions with definite coefficients. They are valid in the scaling region and depend on the known renormalized coupling
constant. 相似文献
74.
X. Wu D. Landheer M. J. Graham H. -W. Chen T. -Y. Huang T. -S. Chao 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2003,250(3-4):479-485
The structure and thermal stability of ZrO2 films grown on Si (1 0 0) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. As-deposited films consist of tetragonal ZrO2 nanocrystallites and an amorphous Zr silicate interfacial layer. After annealing at 850°C, some monoclinic phase is formed, and the grain size is increased. Annealing a 6 nm thick film at 850°C in O2 revealed that the growth of the interfacial layer is at the expense of the ZrO2 layer. In a 3.0 nm thick Zr silicate interfacial layer, there is a 0.9 nm Zr-free SiO2 region right above the Si substrate. These observations suggest that oxygen reacted with the Si substrate to grow SiO2, and SiO2 reacted with ZrO2 to form a Zr silicate interfacial layer during the deposition and annealing. Oxygen diffusion through the tetragonal ZrO2 phase was found to be relatively easier than through the monoclinic phase. 相似文献
75.
A numerical analysis of the interface debonding process is carried out for fiber–matrix composites under cyclic loading. The results show that the interface friction plays an important role in resisting debonding under fatigue. The degradation coefficient of interface friction influences the debonding velocity. An approximate formula of interface friction is found for fatigue debonding. 相似文献
76.
Henryk Szymczak 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》1999,200(1-3):425-438
A selected review of recent magnetostrictive material investigations is presented. Particular attention is paid to the artificially structured solids-like nanoscale magnetic multilayers and nanosize magnetic alloys. Topics covered also include the magnetoelastic effects in manganates, cobaltates and high-temperature superconductors. 相似文献
77.
78.
M. Tokairin K. FujiwaraK. Kutsukake H. KodamaN. Usami K. Nakajima 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2010,312(24):3670-3674
We investigated the pattern formation mechanism of a periodically faceted crystal–melt interface during the crystallization of Si by in situ observation. It was directly proved that spacing between the reentrants of adjacent zigzag facets increases with the unification of adjacent facets when a facet with a higher growth velocity catches up with the one with a lower growth velocity. The spacing becomes stable after unification, and the stable spacing was found to increase with increase in growth velocity. The experimental results was discussed by taking the negative temperature gradient in front of the growth interface into account. 相似文献
79.
Operation of the SECM in feedback mode over a coated metal allows changes in the state of the surface to be monitored using dissolved oxygen in the test environment as redox mediator. The system investigated consisted in mild steel samples coated with a polyurethane film in which a defect was deliberately introduced into it. Accurate approach curves under negative‐feedback condition were obtained using a platinum microelectrode over regions of the intact coating. Imaging experiments were also carried out over the artificial defect on the coating. Under these conditions, corrosion of the exposed metal substrate at the defects could be monitored. 相似文献
80.
Electrochemists and engineers regard adherent gas bubbles as redox-inactive and therefore blocking entities. Adhesion of bubbles at electrodes generally carries an energy penalty. But this is not always the case: bubbles pinned on an electrode surface initiate the oxidation of water-soluble species under conditions where such reactions would normally be considered impossible. Here we critically review the recent literature that is beginning to unveil the novel concept of on-water electrochemistry. Harnessing electrochemical reactivity of the water–gas–electrode interface has the potential to become a game-changer in organic electrosynthesis, accelerating the transition toward a sustainable chemical industry by simplifying the direct integration of renewable electricity into the production of commodity chemicals. 相似文献