Microstructure analysis on IN 718 alloy round rod by FEM in the hot continuous rolling process

Based on physical metallurgy rules and experiential equations, models for microstructure analysis on IN 718 alloy in the round rod hot continuous rolling process has been developed using the finite element method (FEM) on the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The dynamic and metadynamic recrystallization models in and after deformation, the grain growth models in the compensated reheating process for IN 718 alloy are regressed, and corresponding processes are involved in these models. For a real rolling practice, the calculated central grain sizes were examined and are in good agreement with the measured ones. The element in the center of the workpiece is a typical one possessing the maximum of the effective strain, the temperature and the grain size in the rolling process. In the hot continuous rolling process, the relationship between the final grain size of the typical element and the inlet velocity of the first stand has been regressed by FE analysis, and the lower rolling speed is beneficial to the grain refinement.     

Vegetation radiative transfer modeling based on virtual flux decomposition

Many physically based approaches for modeling the scattering properties of vegetation (i.e. methods based on radiative transfer models, RTM) suffer from significant shortcomings. In particular, the energy conservation problem has remained unsolved for a long time. This is particularly evident when introducing finite size scattering elements (leaves or shoots) into equations originally describing a turbid medium. This phenomenon, called the hot spot effect, is treated in classical RTM by increasing the reflectance value at the first collision of incident photons. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose in this paper a new model called the flux decomposition model (FDM) and based on the Kallel et al. approach (AddingSD) which propose a formulation showing that the hot spot could be viewed as an increase of the posterior gap probability. The formalism is based on a decrease of the vegetation density and is called ‘the effective vegetation density’. Thus, inspired from this idea, in our study, energy conservation is achieved using the same effective density to estimate the upward diffuse flux provided by the first collision of the solar irradiance () as well as the diffuse fluxes created by scattering. Finally, to solve the RT equations, is divided into virtual subfluxes having simple expressions, allowing the division of the problem into a finite number of subproblems, each one corresponding to a given subflux easily solved based on SAIL++ formalism. Simulation tests show that the proposed model conserves energy with good accuracy. Compared to 3-D models in the ROMC/RAMI three database, our model performs similarly. Finally, compared to AddingSD, the running time is drastically reduced from about 15 min to a few milliseconds.     

光谱诊断与特征谱线输运

利用经过评估的原子过程参数,研究发现惯性约束聚变等离子体的特征发射光谱的共振线强度比值、伴线与共振线强度比值时等离子体温度变化很敏感,而特征谱线的线形函数对等离子体密度变化较敏感.结合特征谱线的一维输运方程研究,分析了中国工程物理研究院最近几年惯性约束聚变的内爆实验测量结果,得到了一些发次对应的等离子体温度和密度状态.     

New analytical and CWENO numerical solutions for axisymmetric horizontal flows with heat sources

Some new nonlinear analytical solutions are found for axisymmetric horizontal flows dominated by strong heat sources. These flows are common in multiscale atmospheric and oceanic flows such as hurricane embryos and ocean gyres. The analytical solutions are illustrated with several examples. The proposed exact solutions provide analytical support for previous numerical observations and can be also used as benchmark problems for validating numerical models. A central weighted essentially non-oscillatory (CWENO) reconstruction is also employed for numerical simulation of the corresponding integro-differential equations. Due to the use of the same polynomial reconstruction for all derivatives and integral terms, the balance between those terms is well preserved, and the method can precisely reproduce the exact solutions, which are hard to capture by traditional upwind schemes. The developed analytical solutions were employed to evaluate the performance of the numerical method, which showed an excellent performance of the numerical model in terms of numerical diffusion and oscillation.     

非晶熔石英表面等离子体刻蚀过程 中的表面晶化研究

本工作采用电子回旋共振(ECR)低压等离子体刻蚀技术, 刻蚀非晶熔石英表面. Ar/CF₄为反应气体刻蚀后再经O等离子体钝化, 非晶熔石英表面出现晶化现象. 晶化层约几百纳米厚. Ar/CF₄在ECR的电磁场作用下产生F离子与C离子, F离子使熔石英表面的Si-O共价键断裂, 并释放出O离子. C离子与O离子迅速键合生成CO₂, 而被断键的Si原子与四个F原子键合生成气态SiF₄. 熔石英原始表面被去除的同时, 在新的表面留下大量不饱和Si原子. 不饱和Si原子在高温条件下被O等离子钝化, 形成结晶态α 方石英.     

Consequences of an attractive force on collective modes and dust structures in a strongly coupled dusty plasma

We present investigations of the combined effects of Debye–Hückel repulsive and overlapping Debye spheres attractive interaction potentials around charged dust particles on collective modes, phase separation and ordered structures in a strongly coupled dusty plasma. We obtain static and dynamical information via Molecular Dynamics simulations in the liquid and crystallized phases and identify the onset of an instability in the transverse mode, by using lattice summation method. The results are useful for understanding the origin of coagulation/agglomeration of charged dust particles and the formation of ordered dust structures in low-temperature laboratory and space plasmas.     

Bound States in Coulomb Systems ‐ Old Problems and New Solutions

We analyze the quantum statistical treatment of bound states in Hydrogen considered as a system of electrons and protons. Within this physical picture we calculate analytically isotherms of pressure for Hydrogen in a broad density region and compare to some results from the chemical picture. Our study is restricted to the range of intermediate temperatures 10⁴K < T < 10⁵K and not too high densities n < 10²⁴ protons per cm³, the formation of molecules is neglected. First we resume in detail the two transitions along isotherms: (i) formation of bound states occurring by increasing the density from low to moderate values, (ii) the destruction of bound states in the high density region, modelled here by Pauli‐Fock effects. Avoiding chemical models we will show, why bound states according to a discrete part of the spectra occur only in a valley in the T‐p plane. First we study virial expansions in the canonical ensemble and then in the grand canonical ensemble. We show that in fugacity representations the population of bound states saturates at higher density and that a combination of both representations provides quickly converging equations of state. In the case of degenerate systems we calculated first the density‐dependent energy levels, and find the pressure in Hartree‐Fock‐Wigner approximation showing the prominent role of Pauli blocking and Fock effects in the selfenergy (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Generation and behavior of fine particles in thermal plasmas—A review

The generation and processing of fine powders in thermal plasmas has attracted increasing interest over the past years, precipitated by a growing awareness that conservation of materials is no longer an option but rather a necessity. Plasmaspheroidization, densification, fuming, metallurgical reduction, and the production of refractory oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides in thermal plasmas are fast developing technologies which, in some cases, have already reached industrial production scale.In this survey, pertinent literature (198 references) will be reviewed with emphasis on basic studies in this field, reported over the past 20 years. The first part of this review covers powder handling, quenching characteristics, nucleation and growth, and modeling of plasma-particle interactions. The second part is concerned with plasma furnaces for the production of fine particles, including RF induction plasmas, DC anode furnaces, DC plasma jets, DC transferred arcs, cathode pump fed arcs, hybrid induction-DC plasmas, and three-phase AC furnaces.