High energy electron radiation effect on Ni/4H-SiC SBD and Ohmic contact

The Ni/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) and transfer length method (TLM) test patterns of Ni/4H-SiC Ohmic contacts were fabricated, and irradiated with 1~MeV electrons up to a dose of 3.43× 10¹⁴~e/cm^-2. After radiation, the forward currents of the SBDs at 2~V decreased by about 50%, and the reverse currents at -200~V increased by less than 30%. Schottky barrier height (φ _B ) of the Ni/4H-SiC SBD increased from 1.20~eV to 1.21~eV under 0~V irradiation bias, and decreased from 1.25~eV to 1.19~eV under -30~V irradiation bias. The degradation of φ _B could be explained by the variation of interface states of Schottky contacts. The on-state resistance (R_s) and the reverse current increased with the dose, which can be ascribed to the radiation defects in bulk material. The specific contact resistance (\rho_c) of the Ni/SiC Ohmic contact increased from 5.11× 10⁵~Ωega.cm² to 2.97× 10^-4~Ωega.cm².     

低温下用3ω法测量热导率的研究

3ω法是测量体材料和薄膜材料热导率的主要方法之一。低温真空条件下测量热物性往往受接触热阻以及加热器自热效应的影响比较大。文中针对低温下体材料热导率的测量,通过总结国内外近年来用3ω法测量热导率的主要研究成果,对如何选择合适的加热频率以减小这两方面所带来的影响做了一些研究,并指出了低温下用3ω法测量体材料热导率的进一步研究工作。     

Transparent conducting indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film as full front electrode in III-V compound solar cell

The application of transparent conducting indium-tin-oxide (ITO) film as full front electrode replacing the conventional bus-bar metal electrode in III-V compound GaInP solar cell was proposed. A high-quality, non-rectifying contact between ITO and 10 nm N⁺-GaAs contact layer was formed, which is benefiting from a high carrier concentration of the terrilium-doped N⁺-GaAs layer, up to 2×10¹⁹ cm^-3. A good device performance of the GaInP solar cell with the ITO electrode was observed. This result indicates a great potential of transparent conducting films in the future fabrication of larger area flexible III-V solar cell.     

Cr4Mo4V轴承钢滚动接触疲劳和磨损性能研究

通过球棒滚动接触疲劳(RCF)试验机,研究了Cr4Mo4V轴承钢在4050润滑油润滑和0.18滑滚比条件下的滚动接触疲劳和磨损性能.结果表明:Cr4Mo4V钢的应力-寿命(S-N)曲线数据分散性较大,疲劳寿命随着应力增加呈下降趋势.Cr4Mo4V钢滚动接触磨损主要为磨料磨损,黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,随着应力和时间增加磨损体积增加,滚道凹槽深度达到17μm.通过光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察试样棒剖面与滚道交界处疲劳裂纹,发现疲劳破坏类型主要有两种:起源于表面的剥落(SOF)和起源于白蚀区的剥落(WSF).通过滚道径向切割抛光酸蚀显示Cr4Mo4V钢滚动接触疲劳影响区,随着应力和循环接触次数的增加,在次表层依次发现黑蚀区(DER)、白蚀区(WEA)和蝴蝶组织(BW).表面碳化物的剥落坑,黏着磨损和疲劳磨损的凹坑导致了表面起裂、白蚀区和蝴蝶组织中的碳化物和夹杂导致微裂纹的产生,链状碳化物使裂纹往深处扩展.     

干-水态下圆形硌伤对钢轨材料滚动接触疲劳特性影响

采用布氏硬度仪在钢轨试样表面制得不同尺寸的圆形硌伤,利用MMS-2A型微机控制摩擦磨损试验机研究了未硌伤和硌伤钢轨的表面硬度、磨损量及滚动接触疲劳损伤特性.结果表明:与未硌伤钢轨相比,硌伤钢轨的表面硬度和磨损量都有所增加;随硌伤尺寸增加,钢轨磨损量与硬度随之增大.较小尺寸的硌伤坑(1.6 mm)有助于减轻硌伤处疲劳裂纹的产生,硌伤坑超过临界值(2.0 mm)则会加重硌伤区附近疲劳裂纹的萌生并导致支裂纹和垂向裂纹的出现.未硌伤钢轨疲劳裂纹以沿晶扩展为主,大尺寸硌伤钢轨试样的疲劳裂纹呈现穿晶扩展现象.     

Effects of hysteresis of static contact angle (HSCA) and boundary slip on the hydrodynamics of water striders

It is known that contact lines keep relatively still on solids until static contact angles exceed an interval of hysteresis of static contact angle(HSCA), and contact angles keep changing as contact lines relatively slide on the solid.Here, the effects of HSCA and boundary slip were first distinguished on the micro-curvature force(MCF) on the seta.Hence, the total MCF is partitioned into static and dynamic MCFs correspondingly. The static MCF was found proportional to the HSCA and related with the asymmetry of the micro-meniscus near the seta. The dynamic MCF, exerting on the relatively sliding contact line, is aroused by the boundary slip. Based on the Blake–Haynes mechanism, the dynamic MCF was proved important for water walking insects with legs slower than the minimum wave speed 23 cm · s-1. As insects brush the water by laterally swinging legs backwards,setae on the front side of the leg are pulled and the ones on the back side are pushed to cooperatively propel bodies forward.If they pierce the water surface by vertically swinging legs downwards, setae on the upside of the legs are pulled, and the ones on the downside are pushed to cooperatively obtain a jumping force. Based on the dependency between the slip length and shear rate, the dynamic MCF was found correlated with the leg speed U, as F~C_1 U + C_2U~(2+ε), where C_1 and C_2 are determined by the dimple depth. Discrete points on this curve could give fitted relations as F~U~b(Suter et al., J. Exp. Biol. 200, 2523–2538, 1997). Finally,the axial torque on the inclined and partially submerged seta was found determined by the surface tension, contact angle,HSCA, seta width, and tilt angle. The torque direction coincides with the orientation of the spiral grooves of the seta,which encourages us to surmise it is a mechanical incentive for the formation of the spiral morphology of the setae of water striders.     

CHARACTERISTIC OF DROPLET OSCILLATION ON THE SURFACE OF RECTANGULAR HYDROPHOBIC GROOVES

液滴振荡行为是液滴运动中的重要伴随现象,具有重要科研价值.由于液滴撞击疏水沟槽板时运动行为与光滑表面明显不同,可以推测疏水沟槽表面液滴振荡特性也将会呈现与众不同的行为特点.采用高速摄像技术,研究了矩形疏水沟槽表面上水滴高度和接触线振荡行为随沟槽尺寸和撞击速度的变化规律.结果发现,矩形疏水沟槽造成的各向润湿异性使得振荡过程中水滴在平行沟槽方向上的接触线长度大于垂直方向,但并不影响水滴高度方向上衰减振荡的周期,即水滴振荡周期与沟槽间距无关;同时由于疏水沟槽表面上存在能垒束缚效应,致使水滴振荡过程中接触线的铺展和回缩运动不服从典型阻尼振荡规律,而呈现振荡数次后直接趋稳的特点.如水滴以0.61 m/s撞击时,接触线经历2次振荡后即维持稳定,但此时水滴仍在持续振荡中.另外,还初步分析了水滴振荡周期与沟槽间距无关的原因.     

垂直入射弹性波在压电体单侧接触界面上的传播特性

弹性波与压电材料接触界面的相互作用问题是工程应用中常见而复杂的问题,入射波足够强会引起界面出现滑移和分离,但滑移和分离的边界未知,边界条件具有非线性特性。通过Fourier分析,将混合边值问题的求解转化为非线性代数方程,利用软件通过迭代修正的方法进行了求解;给出3种状态边界的求解,分析入射波强度、外加应力及电场对界面状态的影响,并对高频谐波的特性进行分析,通过实例对理论推导进行验证,结果显示:入射波强度、外加荷载和电场的大小及摩擦因数均会影响到界面,通过改变这些条件可以控制界面状态,另外检测高频谐波的信号也可以反映界面状态。     

基于共轭梯度法和快速傅立叶变换的粗糙表面微动接触数值研究

实际工程表面多为粗糙表面,研究粗糙表面的表面形貌对微动接触中压力和应力的影响具有重要意义。本文研究接触过程中法向载荷保持不变,切向载荷为周期性的交变载荷。首先,建立接触算法和模型,算法核心是利用共轭梯度法CGM(Conjugate gradient method)计算微动接触中的表面压力及切向应力并利用快速傅里叶变换FFT(Fast Fourier transform)加快计算速度。然后,对单峰表面、正弦表面和随机粗糙表面的接触进行数值研究。结果表明,表面幅值对切向载荷-位移曲线以及接触过程中的能量耗散有影响,表面幅值越大,相同切向载荷作用下产生的切向位移越大,能量耗散也越大。     

游离水对点接触区润滑油成膜特性的影响

水污染作为润滑系统污染的常见形式,对润滑油本身以及机械系统都有巨大的危害.目前关于水分对点接触区润滑特性造成影响的直接观测研究还较少,更多的是通过磨损后的接触副状态来推测可能的破坏机理.因此开展水分存在条件下与润滑接触区油池的相互作用,以及对接触区润滑能力造成影响的研究,能够对探究水分造成的机械元件早期失效机理,开展水污染的防护工作起到理论指导作用.本文作者研究了不同润滑条件下游离水对点接触区成膜特性的影响,提出了游离水对接触区膜厚产生影响的无量纲判据,发现了游离水对点接触润滑油池及轨道的冲刷及乳化作用,是造成接触区膜厚下降及回流减弱的主要原因,直接证明了游离水可造成点接触结构的早期润滑失效.