全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6480篇 |
免费 | 589篇 |
国内免费 | 386篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1951篇 |
晶体学 | 84篇 |
力学 | 1161篇 |
综合类 | 52篇 |
数学 | 1026篇 |
物理学 | 3181篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 104篇 |
2021年 | 160篇 |
2020年 | 173篇 |
2019年 | 139篇 |
2018年 | 157篇 |
2017年 | 167篇 |
2016年 | 129篇 |
2015年 | 148篇 |
2014年 | 200篇 |
2013年 | 541篇 |
2012年 | 316篇 |
2011年 | 413篇 |
2010年 | 304篇 |
2009年 | 362篇 |
2008年 | 358篇 |
2007年 | 381篇 |
2006年 | 374篇 |
2005年 | 323篇 |
2004年 | 322篇 |
2003年 | 297篇 |
2002年 | 265篇 |
2001年 | 193篇 |
2000年 | 208篇 |
1999年 | 139篇 |
1998年 | 191篇 |
1997年 | 163篇 |
1996年 | 120篇 |
1995年 | 102篇 |
1994年 | 91篇 |
1993年 | 77篇 |
1992年 | 85篇 |
1991年 | 41篇 |
1990年 | 53篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 29篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有7455条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
161.
The interaction of a nonspherical metallic or nonmetallic particle with a rarefied thermal plasma flow is considered. Heat transfer to a particle of arbitrary shape with an extremely thin plasma sheath due to, respectively, gas molecules, electrons, and ions is described. Analytical expressions are derived for charge and heat fluxes in the particular case of a spheroidal metallic or nonmetallic particle in a subsonic plasma flow. It has been shown that the intensity of heat exchange is greatly influenced by gas ionization, charge transfer processes, and particle shape, velocity, and orientation in the plasma flow. 相似文献
162.
163.
聚乙二醇蓄热调温性能及其在功能纺织品上的应用 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
对聚乙二醇(PEG)的自身交联及其与纤维素纤雏之间的交联反应进行了研究,探讨了交联前后PEG热活性的变化,并对PEG在焙烘交联时的受热稳定性以及分子量对热活性的影响进行了讨论。研究表明,PEG发生交联反应后,热性能参教产生偏移,热活性降低;热活性与分子量有直接关系;过高的焙烘温度将导致PEG氧化降解,热活性下降。在适宜的工艺条件下,纺织品经PEG后整理可获得热活性。 相似文献
164.
Bernd GüNTHER 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2007,50(6)
The interaction between stabilizers and nanoparticles is one of the important factors to prepare stable magnetic fluids. The magnetic nano-size Fe3O4 core with single domain and the average grain size around 8-12 nm were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The O/Fe molar ratio of the particle surface was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The heat effects of stabilizers ad- sorption on nanoparticles were measured by solution calorimetry. The excess amount of oxygen was possibly the result of the hydroxygen formed on the surface of the nanoparticles. The heat effects showed that compounds containing carboxyl groups can be adsorbed chemically on magnetite by forming chemical bonds. The other stabilizers involving NH-groups, such as polyethylene-imine, can be adsorbed physically. The exothermic value is about half of the former case. 相似文献
165.
Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal analytical tool for preformulation
studies. Extrapolated melting temperature (TP)
and heat of fusion (ΔHf)
can be used as parameters for optimizing the DSC performance. Two model pharmaceuticals
acetaminophen and nicotinamide are used in this study. Using a factorial design
for the experimental model and matrix analysis the results, the effect of
sample mass, heating rate and the nitrogen flow rate were evaluated on the
ΔHf values
and TP values. Two
levels for each of the procedural variables were used as a balanced experimental
design with two sample sizes, two heating rates and two nitrogen flow rates.
It was found that the change in the heating rate caused significant changes
in the ΔHf
values but not the Tp
values for acetaminophen. However, no significant effect was found for the Tp value but ΔHf value was affected to a
certain extent for nicotinamide. 相似文献
166.
J. Lédé 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1996,46(1):67-84
This paper deals with models describing the thermal and chemical behaviour of solid particles undergoing fast endothermic reactions under the influence of an external heat flux. The heat source temperature is supposed to be constant, to increase with time, or to deliver a simple thermal flash. It is shown that the pyrolysis conditions (reaction temperature, conversion, etc.) depend on the chemical characteristics of the reaction and also to a large extent on the external heating conditions. Relationships are proposed to take into account these parameters. The results are applied to the thermal decomposition of NaHCO3. The pyrolysis of cellulose is finally chosen in order to show how these operating parameters can also affect the selectivity of a more complex reaction. 相似文献
167.
热导式热量计特征热谱方程的建立 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the interfacial model of a conduction calorimeter, a characteristic thermogram equation is suggested in this paper. Measurements of only two quantities such as the maximum peak height △m and its time tm, enables us to calculate the peak height at any interval by using this model. Thermograms of alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl propionate and ethyl acetate have been measured at 25℃, respectively. The themographic data calculated by using the characteristic thermogram equation are in reasonable agreement with those read from the thermograms. 相似文献
168.
F. J. Romero M. C. Gallardo A. Czarnecka M. Koralewski J. del Cerro 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(2):357-363
The specific heat
and the enthalpy variation of a highly deuterated crystal of ferroelectric
triglycine selenate have been measured around its first-order phase transition
using the technique square modulated differential thermal analysis (SMDTA).
The low temperature variation rate has allowed analyzing the kinetics of the
phase transition. Due to an internal crack in the sample, the transition is
carried out in two steps and an intermediate region where the transition is
blocked and both phases coexist without transformation has been found. The
latent heat on cooling (L
c=1.32±0.02
J g–1) is higher than on heating (L
h=1.08±0.02 J g–1)
due to the thermal hysteresis and the great difference between the specific
heat in both phases. Nevertheless, the enthalpy balance is fulfilled on heating
and on cooling. 相似文献
169.
Alain H. Roux Daniel Hétu Gérald Perron Jacques E. Desnoyers 《Journal of solution chemistry》1984,13(1):1-25
Mixed micelles can be formed in water between various pairs of hydrophobic solutes such as surfactants, alcohols and hydrocarbons. These systems can often be studied through the thermodynamic functions of transfer of one of the solutes, usually kept near infinite dilution, from water to an aqueous solution of the other solute. When mixed micelles are formed, these functions change significantly, and often go through extrema, in the region where the binary system micellizes or undergoes some microphase transition.Three main effects are responsible for the observed trends: pair-wise interactions between both solutes in the monomeric form, a distribution of the reference solute between the aqueous and micellar phases and a shift in the monomer-micelle equilibrium in the vicinity of the reference solute. Simple equations can be derived for these three effects which can account for the sign and magnitude of the observed trends using parameters which are derived for the most part from the two binary systems. 相似文献
170.
Sergio Cabani Paolo Gianni Vincenzo Mollica Luciano Lepori 《Journal of solution chemistry》1981,10(8):563-595
The thermodynamic properties G
h
o,H
h
o, and C
p,h
oassociated with the transfer of non-ionic organic compounds from gas to dilute aqueous solution and the limiting partial molar properties C
p
o
,2 and V2
2 of these compounds in water are described through a simple scheme of group contributions. A distinction is made between groups made only of carbon and hydrogen, and functional groups i.e. groups containing at least one atom different from carbon and hydrogen. Each group is assigned a contribution, for each property, through a least squares procedure which utilizes only molecules containing at most one functional group. Finally, for compounds containing more than one functional group, correction parameters are evaluated as the differences between the experimental values and those calculated by means of the group contributions. The different behavior of hydrophilic compared with hydrophobic groups is discussed for the various properties. A rationale for the correction parameters, i.e. for the effects of the interactions among hydrophilic groups on the thermodynamic properties, is attempted. 相似文献