Automatic control system of a rear-wheel drive vehicle moving on a sloped weak sandy terrain

The general mechanism of tractive performance of a four-wheel vehicle with rear-wheel drive moving up and down a sloped sandy soil has been considered theoretically. For the given vehicle dimensions and terrain-wheel system constants, the relationships among the effective tractive or braking effort of the vehicle, the amount of sinkage of the front and rear wheels, and the slip ratio were analysed by simulation. The optimum eccentricity of the vehicle’s center of gravity and the optimum application height of the drawbar-pull for obtaining the largest value of maximum effective tractive or braking effort could be calculated by means of the analytical simulation program. For a 5.88 kN weight vehicle, it was found that the optimum eccentricity of the center of gravity e_opt was 1/6 for the range of slope angle—0βπ/24 rad during driving action of the rear wheel and e_opt was also 1/6 for the range of slope angle—π/24β0 rad during braking action of the rear wheel. The optimum application height H_opt was found to be 35 cm for the range of slope angle 0βπ/24 rad during driving action of the rear wheel and H_opt was 0 cm for the range of slope angle—π/24β0 rad during braking action of the rear wheel.     

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址伽玛（γ）能谱测试与其典型工程地质问题的讨论

本文在工程地质调查基础上,对黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址的几个典型工程地质问题首次进行了伽玛能谱测试,并结合其地质条件对测试结果进行了系统的数理统计分析,据此,对其争议较大的几个工程地质问题,如F201大断层是否在该坝址附近穿越黄河及其规模；青驼崖-红谷梁一带地表沟槽及坝区外围地裂缝的成因及稳定性进行了初步的评价与讨论。     

地下水对工程和环境的作用

地下水对上程建设和地质环境的作用与影响日趋显著,人们认识日益深化。实践表明,这类问题不完伞是纯水文地质问题。实质上,它是介乎于水文地质与工程地质之间,暂定名为“工程水文地质学”。专门进行在工程建设和环境地质中由于地下水作用而产生的各类工程地质问题或水文地质问题。为充分阐明问题,本文从水与岩土相互作用、基坑排水与潜蚀流沙、地基沉降与黄土湿陷、道路冻害与隧道涌水、矿抗突水与竖井破坏、坝基渗漏与稳定、坝基抗滑稳定以及与地下水有关的地质灾害问题等方面,进行了举例阐述,初步论证了重要性、问题和某些实质。目的在于,向人们揭示一个值得研究的方向,并给予充分的重视。     

A comparison of novel chassis suspended machines for sustainable forestry

Cut-to-length logging (CTL) is a mechanized harvesting process where trees are delimbed and cut to length directly at the stump. The main challenges for the manufacturers of forestry machines for CTL logging are to address new customer demands and tougher health and environmental legislations by finding means that: (1) further increase the harvesting and log transportation productivity, e.g. by enabling operation on eco-soils, (2) reduce the damage to the soil, e.g. by controlling the ruts depth and preserving the root layer, (3) reduce exhaust emissions, e.g. by reducing the rolling resistance, and (4) reducing the daily vibration dosage for the machine operators, e.g. by active chassis and cabin damping.This paper presents of a number of passive forwarder chassis suspension concepts and compares their performance from three perspectives: their gentleness to terrain and operator, as well as their potential for improved fuel efficiency. Based on multi-body dynamics simulations, it is shown that a passive pendulum arm suspension can reduce the lateral accelerations in a passively suspended cabin with 50% compared to traditional bogie machines when travelling in rough hard terrain.     

铍小团簇的基态能量与拓扑指数的相关性

本文对铍小团簇（Bem,2≤m≤25）的基态能量分别与其价电子能级连接性指数、路径数和Wiener指数的相关性作了探讨。对基态能量E的估算结果令人满意。     

自由基CH（X^2П，α^4∑^-）的光谱数据从头算研究

用分子轨道从头算方法，对CH自由基的基态（X^2П）和低激发态（α^4∑^-）的光谱数据进行了计算。计算结果表明，在基态CH（X^2П）时。在QCISD（T）／6-311G＋＋（3df．3pd）水平上．计算所得的键长R=0.1120981nm，偶极矩μ=1．5891 Debye，υ=2845．43cm^-1均与实验值相吻合，在B3PW91／6-311G＋＋（3df，3pd）理论水平上，计算的基态能量为-38．496143Hartree。误差仅为0．22％；对低激发态CH（α^4∑^-），使用含时的密度泛函方法（TDDPT）和大基组6—311＋＋G（3df，3pd）计算所得的R=0．1094nm，垂直跃迁能量为0．926eV，均与实验结果有较好的吻合。     

Degradation behavior of maleated polyethylene/ground tire rubber thermoplastic elastomers with and without stabilizers

This work investigates the effects of different degradation processes (weathering, thermal ageing and re-extrusion) on maleated polyethylene (MAPE), as well as MAPE/ground tire rubber (GTR) thermoplastic elastomers with and without stabilizers (thermal stabilizer, UVA and HALS). Mechanical characterizations revealed that GTR addition reduced compounds stability against thermal ageing at both 80 and 90 °C. But addition of stabilizers increased thermal stability of the MAPE phase. However, the results suggest that the stabilizers had no effect on the GTR phase. Mechanical characterizations also showed that weathering caused degradation in MAPE, while presence of stabilizers decreased the effects of degradation. Addition of GTR also increased significantly the stability of MAPE against weathering (due to presence of carbon black in GTR). Re-extrusion resulted in lower MAPE modulus (due to decreased molecular weight), while the modulus of GTR filled compounds increased. Re-extrusion also led to decreased GTR average particle size, especially at higher GTR contents. Morphological analyses showed that thermal ageing and re-extrusion did not change significantly blend morphology, but weathering, on the other hand, led to severe degradation of both MAPE and GTR filled compounds surface. Compression set of MAPE/GTR compounds was found to decrease with increasing degradation level (due to crosslinking). Finally, sample density slightly increased with degradation level (also due to crosslinking).     

Untangling complex networks: Risk minimization in financial markets through accessible spin glass ground states

Recurrent international financial crises inflict significant damage to societies and stress the need for mechanisms or strategies to control risk and tamper market uncertainties. Unfortunately, the complex network of market interactions often confounds rational approaches to optimize financial risks. Here we show that investors can overcome this complexity and globally minimize risk in portfolio models for any given expected return, provided the margin requirement remains below a critical, empirically measurable value. In practice, for markets with centrally regulated margin requirements, a rational stabilization strategy would be keeping margins small enough. This result follows from ground states of the random field spin glass Ising model that can be calculated exactly through convex optimization when relative spin coupling is limited by the norm of the network’s Laplacian matrix. In that regime, this novel approach is robust to noise in empirical data and may be also broadly relevant to complex networks with frustrated interactions that are studied throughout scientific fields.     

Speciation and instrumental neutron activation analysis for arsenic in water samples

Ground water samples obtained from West Bengal, India were analyzed for total arsenic and its inorganic species contents by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Two anion exchange separation methods using Dowex 1X8 in chloride and acetate forms were standardized for the speciation of As(III) and As(V) using radiotracers. The method by Dowex 1X8 in the acetate form was validated using synthetic mixtures of As(III) and As(V), and applied to water samples; the species concentrations were determined by INAA. The accuracy of the INAA method was evaluated by analyzing the NRCC CRM DORM-2 for total arsenic.     

联苯桥联的聚对苯乙烯撑齐聚物基态、激发态的结构与光电性能

用密度泛函理论(DFT)和单激发(CIS)方法分别对几种联苯桥联的聚对苯乙烯撑(PPV)齐聚物分子的基态结构和激发态结构进行全优化, 得到基态与激发态分子的最优几何构型和前线分子轨道, 并用半经验ZINDO(Zerner's intermediate neglect of differential overlap)和含时密度泛函(TD-DFT)方法分别计算了各自的吸收光谱和发射光谱, 分析了随着联苯链的增长前线分子轨道能级和能隙的变化以及对光电性能的影响. 结果表明, 联苯链的加长对吸收和发射性质影响不大, 但在分子结构上由于PPV 齐聚物(发光中心)链间交叉链内扭曲的构象越来越明显, 降低了分子的平面性和对称性, 减弱了这类共轭分子在固体中的π-π堆积作用, 这可能是减少荧光猝灭效应, 提高固体发光器件荧光量子效率的主要原因.