3NaBH4/ErF3复合储氢材料的制备及吸放氢特性

采用高能球磨法制备了3NaBH4/ErF3复合储氢材料, 并研究了其相结构和储氢性能. X射线衍射(XRD)显示, NaBH4和ErF3在球磨过程中未发生反应; 同步热分析(TG-DSC)测试结果表明, 3NaBH4/ErF3体系在420℃开始放氢, 比相同测试条件下纯NaBH4的放氢温度降低了约100℃, 放氢量为3.06%(质量分数). 压力-成分-温度(Pressure-Composition-Temperature, PCT)性能测试结果显示, 3NaBH4/ErF3复合储氢材料在较低的温度(355~413℃)及平台氢压(<1 MPa)下即拥有良好的可逆吸放氢性能, 最高可逆吸氢量可达到2.78%(质量分数), 吸氢后体系重新生成了NaBH4相. 计算得吸氢焓变仅为-36.8 kJ/mol H2; 而放氢焓变为-180.8 kJ/mol H2. NaBH4在ErF3的作用下提高了热动力学性能, 并实现了可逆吸放氢.     

溶致变色法确定咪唑类分子的二阶极化率

非线性光学材料;溶致变色法确定咪唑类分子的二阶极化率     

稀土复合弹性材料的制备和力学性能

利用稀土醇盐与季铵盐化的吡啶改性丁苯橡胶乳液反应,制备含稀土ＰＳＢＲ胶片,然后与天然橡胶并用,获得含稀土复合材料弹性材料发现其物理力学性能有明显提高。通过红外光谱、差示扫描热量计以及交联密度分析,讨论了其结构与性能的关系。     

Simulation of the Long Term Behaviour of Plastics Components

Summary: This paper presents a method to model the mechanical behavior of polymers over a wide time- and load-range by means of finite element analyses. The method includes a material model as well as the determination of material parameters to calibrate the material model. As a special feature of this method the model is calibrated only by using creep data that are commonly available in material data bases. So the procedure improves the simulation of the long time behavior of plastic-components without an additional experimental effort. In combination with time-temperature-superposition principle, the temperature dependency of the long term behavior is represented, too. The simulation results are validated by creep experiments on an example part.     

Supercooling Suppression of Microencapsulated n-Alkanes by Introducing an Organic Gelator

Supercooling of the microencapsulated phase change materials(PCMs) during cooling usually happens. This phenomenon can interfere with heat transfer and is necessary to further overcome. In this study, melamine- formaldehyde microcapsules containing two n-alkane PCMs, namely, n-dodecane(C₁₂) or n-tetradecane(C₁₄) were prepared by in situ polymerization. A small amount of n-hexatriacontane(C₃₆) was introduced as an organic gelator into the core of microcapsules to cope with the supercooling problem. Analyses demonstrate that supercooling of the microencapsulated C₁₂ or C₁₄ was significantly suppressed by adding 3%(mass fraction) C₃₆, without changing the spherical morphology and dispersibility. It could be also found that the enthalpy of microencapsulated C₁₂ or C₁₄ containing C₃₆ was similar to that of microencapsulated n-alkanes without C₃₆, whereas the difference between onsets of crystallization and melting(degree of supercooling) is similar to that of those of pure n-alkanes, suggesting the remarkable suppression ability of the organic gelator on supercooling.     

锂电池阴极材料Li(Co_xAl_(1-x))O_2的溶胶-凝胶法合成及表征

采用溶胶 -凝胶方法合成了锂二次电池阴极材料 Li( Cox Al1 - x) O2 ,并采用 XRD方法分析了材料的相变过程、烧结时间对材料合成的影响及不同 Al/Co比掺杂对材料相变的影响 ,并进行了结构表征 .研究表明 ,材料结构随 Al固溶度的增大及温度的升高呈现出 a轴缩短 ,c轴伸长的趋势 .材料晶相稳定温度在60 0～ 90 0℃之间 ,烧结时间在 3 h以上     

SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS POLY(STYRENE-co-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE)/SILICA HYBRID MATERIALS VIA A NONSURFACTANT-TEMPLATED SOL-GEL PROCESS*

Mesoporous poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)/silica hybrid materials have been prepared. The synthesis wasachieved by the HCl-catalyzed sol-gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymerin the presence of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as a coupling agent and citric acid as a nonsurfactant template orpore-forming agent, followed by ethanol extraction. Characterization results from nitrogen sorption isotherms and powder X-ray diffraction indicate that polymer-modified mesoporous materials with large specific surface areas (e.g. 900 m~2/g) andpore volumes (e.g. 0.6 cm~3/g) could be prepared. As the citric acid concentration is increased, the specific surface areas, porevolumes and pore diameters of the hybrid materials increase.     

Reversible phase transition of the 1:1 complex between 18-crown-6 and n-propylammonium triiodide

Solid-state structure of the crystalline 1:1 complex [C 3 H 10 N(18-crown-6)] + [I 3 ](1) between 18-crown-6 and n-propylammonium triiodide has been determined at 293 and 93 K,respectively,showing a change from monoclinic P2 1 /m to monoclinic P2 1 /a.Crystal structural analysis shows that in addition to van der Waals’ forces,conventional N-H···O hydrogen bonds are the key interactions.Measurements of unit cell parameters versus temperature show that the values of one of the three axes and the crystal volume change abruptly and remarkably at 220 K,indicating a first-order phase transition.The lack of the mirror plane in the low temperature structure is the most important differences between the two structural forms.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurement confirms that 1 undergoes a reversible phase transition at about 220 K with a thermal hysteresis of 3.5 K.The relatively large latent heat makes 1 a good candidate for phase change materials.The phase transition is accompanied by an anomaly of dielectric constant during heating and cooling process near the phase transition temperature.     

Inorganic Sol-Gel Preparation of Medium Sized Microparticles of Li2TiO3 from TiCl4 as Tritium Breeding Material for Fusion Reactors

Microspheres of Li₂TiO₃ were fabricated by a classical, inorganic sol-gel process from commercially available TiCl₄. Elaborated process consists of the following main steps: (1) dissolving of TiCl₄ in concentrated aqueous HCl and addition of LiOH; (2) formation of sol emulsion in 2-ethylhexanol-1 containing the surfactant SPAN-80 (EH); (3) gelation of emulsion drops by extraction of water with partially dehydrated EH; (4) impregnation of gel to Li:Ti molar ratio MR = 2; (5) thermal treatment at 1200°C in order to receive chloride free product. This temperature can be significantly lowered (to 750°C) by dechlorination starting solution TiCl₄ by chemical treatment of the with nitric acid to form of nitrate-stabilized titania sols. Tritium release from sol-gel made Li₂TiO₃ microspheres were found very close to that observed for other traditional materials, however for the first sample process starts slightly earlier.