在多孔γ-Al2O3氧化铝载体上微波合成NaA分子筛膜及气体渗透分离性能

The paper presented novel synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane with good performance using microwave heating. The method involved two steps, prior seeding 120 nm of LTA crystals on substrate and then employing a secondary hydrothermal synthesis. Effects of seeding times, synthesis time and synthesis times were investigated in this work. The quality evaluation of membranes respectively used single component gases (HE and N2) and H2/N2 (equivalent volume) mixture. The ideal H2,/N2 selectivity increased from 1.90 of the substrate to 6.37 of the three-stage synthesized membrane, which was distinctly higher than the corresponding Knudsen diffusion selectivity of 3.74. However, the real H2/N2 selectivity of the three-stage synthesis was much lower than the corresponding ideal selectivity and close to the corresponding Knudsen diffusion selectivity of 3.74.     

Experimental measurements and numerical modeling of marginal burning in live chaparral fuel beds

An extensive experimental and numerical study was completed to analyze the marginal burning behavior of live chaparral shrub fuels that grow in the mountains of southern California. Laboratory fire spread experiments were carried out to determine the effects of wind, slope, moisture content, and fuel characteristics on marginal burning in fuel beds of common chaparral species. Four species (Manzanita sp., Ceanothus sp., Quercus sp., and Arctostaphylos sp.), two wind velocities (0 and 2 m/s), two fuel bed depths (20 and 40 cm), and three slope percents (0%, 40%, or 70%) were used. Oven-dry moisture content M of fine fuels (<6.25 mm diameter) ranged from 29% to 105%. Sixty-five of 115 fires successfully propagated the length (2.0 m) of the elevated fuel bed. A previously derived empirical marginal burning criterion was assessed, and a suitable modification was proposed for live chaparral fuels. Based on the experimental data, a stepwise logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of successful fire spread. This procedure resulted in the selection of wind speed, slope percent, fuel loading, fuel moisture content, and relative humidity as the primary variables. It correctly classified 96% of 115 fires. Finally, a multidimensional numerical model for vegetation fire spread using a porous media sub-model was developed to simulate the laboratory fires. Results are used to analyze the internal heat transfer and combustion processes that determine fire spread success in shrub fuel bed.     

Study of glassy microporous filters in the sodium borosilicate glasses with appropriate carriers

Summary DúThe aim of this work is to prepare a porous filter composed of two porous layers: macro-porous carrier and micro-porous sodium borosilicate (NBS) glass with TiO₂ additive (NBST glass), a Vycor-type glass. In the present work we prepared the macroporous support from the same material (NBST glass) as the upper microporous layer and then by sintering both parts to produce the required composite. This work introduces the results of experiments in the preparation of micro-porous filter on NBST glass base, laid on macro-porous carrier. After sintering of scrap NBST glass, porous samples were prepared to be used as carriers for micro-porous samples of phase-separated NBST glass. In other cases, the following carrier materials were used: a) frita SIMAX, b) Al₂O₃. The properties of the NBST glass and the changes in the glass structure with temperature were studied in order to determine the optimal sintering temperature of the prepared glasses. For the development of the sintered glasses, valuable information was obtained from heating microscopy (HM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The combination of the HM and SEM results with the measurements of the micro-hardness and density directed to the further study of the phase separated NBST glasses.     

短脉冲激光加热下液氮爆发沸腾实验观测

21世纪的超导研究将步入实用化阶段。在超导体工作中,其所处的低温环境(液氮、液氦)有可能受到瞬时高热流的冲击,从而导致爆发沸腾的发生,甚至影响到超导体的安全、稳定工作。对此,有必要进行系统的实验和理论研究,揭示低温工质的爆发沸腾现象与过程特征。本文就是基于这一目的,首次从实验角度观察液氮的爆发沸腾行为,拍摄到液氮爆发沸腾时的系列照片,并测量了脉冲加热期间以及之后的温度变化。发现了一些新颖并值得关注的现象。     

加热方式对真空冷冻干燥热质传递机理的影响

1引言真空冷冻干燥（简称真空冻干）是多孔介质在低温低压下相变界面移动的耦合传热传质过程，其数学模型带有典型的非线性，难于精确求解［‘，2］。从应用上而言，真空冻干具有设备投资高，能耗大，干燥时间长的缺点。能量的供应即加热方式、升华水汽的流动条件、物料的输运性质是影响真空冻干性能的主要因素间。本文以牛肉的真空冷冻干燥过程为例，建立过程的非稳态数学模型，利用数值求解的结果，结合实验分析，研究了通过千层的辐射加热和通过冻结层的导热加热条件下真空冻干过程中传热传质的机理，分析了加热方式对缩短干燥时间的影响…     

Global solutions of the non‐linear problem describing Joule's heating in three space dimensions

The existence of global‐in‐time weak solutions to the Joule problem modelling heating or cooling in a current and heat conductive medium is proved via the Faedo–Galerkin method. The existence proof entails some a priori estimates that together with the monotonicity and compactness methods make up a main tool to prove the desired result. Under appropriate hypotheses on the data, it will be shown the boundedness in L_∞(Q_T) of the absolute temperature of the medium and of the t‐derivative of this temperature, which is achieved by means of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg theorem, the Sobolev embedding theorem and the method of Stampacchia. The paper is some extension of our investigation initiated in (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 1998; 23 :1275–1291). This extension includes relaxing some assumptions in (Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 1998; 23 :1275–1291) and employing some new methods to establish the result. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Generalized Langevin equations with time-dependent temperature

A generalized Langevin equation describing the evolution of a particle in a heat bath with a time-dependent temperature is derived for a simple model. The temperature is controlled by introducing dissipative terms in the dynamical equations of the heat bath particles. The Langevin equation contains a term that is specifically associated with the variation of the temperature.     

有机-无机复合质子交换膜的制备与界面特性

有机-无机复合质子交换膜的开发是燃料电池用质子交换膜的一个重要研究方向,本文综述了有机-无机复合质子交换膜的制备方法,分析了两相之间的界面特性,并对这种复合膜的研究前景进行了展望.     

过电离等离子体复合升温和绝热膨胀

给出了类H—C离3d5/2-2p3/2跃迁复合机制产生X光激光的电子密度-电子温度增益目标区域，研究了电离转复合处等离子体特征、复合阶段电子密度变化规律及影响电子温度的两个主要因素：作功冷却与复合升温，并给出了这两个因素的近似表达式．     

Temperature measurement and control

Several factors in temperature measurement that can affect the precision of melting points and phase-change phenomena are discussed. In many cases, critical errors may arise in the measurement and control of temperatures due to incorrect placement and/or interpretation of the output of temperature sensors in the various system types that are in current use. Advantages can be obtained by using one temperature sensor only for temperature measurement and temperature control in a low mass infrared gold image fumace for the analytical studies in both the constant rate and stepwise isothermal thermoanalytical heating and cooling modes. Illustrations of the use of this instrumentation for measurements in both modes are given.