One-step synthesis of porous PtNiCu trimetallic nanoalloy with enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward methanol oxidation

Pt-based alloy nanoporous structures have attracted a lot of attention because of their high activity and stability toward alcohol oxidation reactions. Especially, Pt alloying with Earth-abundant metal can lower the cost of catalyst. Here, we introduce a one-pot approach to synthesize bimetallic PtCu and Ni-doped PtCu nanoalloy with porous structure. The as-synthesized Ni-doped Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties toward methanol oxidation in acidic medium. The mass activity of the as-synthesized Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys is 3.6 times and 5.3 times that of Pt₅₅Cu₄₅ nanoalloys and commercial Pt black for methanol oxidation in 0.2?M methanol solution. Besides, the stability of the as-synthesized Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys was much better than Pt₅₅Cu₄₅ nanoalloys and commercial Pt black. After 3600?s chronoamperometry test, the remaining values of the Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys are 3.7 times and 11.0 times that of Pt₅₅Cu₄₅ nanoalloys and commercial Pt black. And it is the first time to report that small amount of Ni dopants can boost the activity and stability of PtNiCu alloys toward methanol oxidation.     

硬脂酸凝胶法制备纯相BaTiO3纳米粉体

本文以硬脂酸、硬脂酸钡和钛酸丁酯为原料,采用硬脂酸凝胶法合成了纯相BaTiO3纳米粉体.为了有效控制BaTiO3在制备过程中易产生杂相的问题,我们设计了程序升温煅烧法,即通过控制不同阶段的升温速率,在550℃下成功合成了BaTiO3纳米粉体.通过X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜的观察,分析了BaTiO3粒子的晶相结构、结晶度、粒径及纳米晶体的形貌.结果表明,采用程序升温煅烧法制备的BaTiO3纳米粉体纯度高、分散性好、粒径小(25～40nm).本文为在温和条件下制备纯相BaTiO3纳米粉体提供了一条新途径.     

烧结温度和升温速率对Pb(Sb1/3Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48O3压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Pb(Sb1/3 Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48 O3 (PMS-PZT)压电陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM和EDS等研究PMS-PZT陶瓷体系在烧结过程中形成的过渡液相和形成过渡液相温度(1100℃)附近的升温速率对陶瓷结构、压电和介电性能的影响.结果表明:不同烧结温度下,所有样品均为单一的钙钛矿四方相,过渡液相不会对相的结构有影响,但是当烧结温度较低时,过渡液相在烧结后期以玻璃相在晶界附近富集,对陶瓷的压电和介电性能有很大影响.随着烧结温度和升温速率的升高,PMS-PZT晶粒尺寸增大,晶粒均匀性和规则性得以改善,晶化质量得到提高;d33测试和阻抗分析测试结果表明PMS-PZT样品在1100℃附近以7 ℃·min-1升温速率并在1250℃烧结时具有最好的压电和介电性能:d33 =313 C/N,kp=0.59,Qm=1481,εr=1437,tanδ=0.53;.     

一种微波加热装置的风冷散热研究

微波加热装置工作过程会散发大量的热量,如果不能及时排出,会造成输出功率的下降.本文以九个磁控管加热单元组成的微波加热装置为研究对象,首先提出一种风冷散热结构设计,接着通过Fluent热仿真软件验证结构设计的合理性,然后通过对比分析加热装置进风口位置、面积大小等因素对散热效果的影响,对散热结构进行改进,进一步提高了内部磁...     

用于燃料电池质子交换膜的含萘及氮杂环结构的新型磺化聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

将自制的4,4'-二氨基二苯醚-2,2'-二磺酸基(ODADS)、 含氮杂环芳香二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ-DA)和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行直接缩合聚合反应, 通过改变磺化二胺单体的含量来改变聚合物的磺化度, 成功地合成了一系列高分子量的不同磺化度的六元环聚酰亚胺(SPIs), 其特性粘度在0.55-1.47 dL/g. 采用FTIR和 1H NMR技术表征了聚合物的结构. 研究了经溶液浇铸成磺化聚合物膜的理化性质. 结果表明, 随着聚合物磺化度的增大, 膜的含水率和离子交换能力增大, 尺寸稳定性、 对水的稳定性以及抗氧化性降低.     

Transient analysis on surface heated piezoelectric semiconductor plate lying on rigid substrate

Based on the thermo-electro-elastic coupling theory, the mathematical model for a surface heated piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) plate is developed in the time domain. Applying the direct and inverse Laplace transformations to the established model, the mechanical and electrical responses are investigated. The comparison between the analytical solution and the finite element method (FEM) is conducted, which illustrates the validity of the derivation. The calculated results show that the maximum values of the mechanical and electrical fields appear at the heating surface. Importantly, the perturbation carriers tend to concentrate in the zone near the heating surface under the given boundary conditions. It can also be observed that the heating induced elastic wave leads to jumps for the electric potential and perturbation carrier density at the wavefront. When the thermal relaxation time is introduced, all the field quantities become smaller because of the thermal lagging effect. Meanwhile, it can be found that the thermal relaxation time can describe the smooth variation at the jump position. Besides, for a plate with P-N junction, the effect of the interface position on the electrical response is studied. The effects of the initial carrier density on the electrical properties are discussed in detail. The conclusions in this article can be the guidance for the design of PS devices serving in thermal environment.     

Electric-pulse-induced local conducting area and joule heating effect in VO2/Al2O3 films

We investigated the effect of an electric-pulse on the insulator–metal phase transition of VO₂/Al₂O₃ films using synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy. By monitoring the time-resolved optical response, we could demonstrate that local conducting areas are formed under the influence of the electric-pulse, and the Joule heat generated from the local current flow drives a consecutive thermal phase transition in the adjacent sample area.     

沿极小势能轨迹从q〉1至q〈1位形演变

本文给出了沿极小势能轨迹从类托卡马克至反场箍缩(RFP)的演变。在反场箍缩条件下可允许用强等离子体电流充分加热等离子体到点火温度,而不需要辅助的中性束或射频加热系统。     

切向气流对激光加热材料的影响

 在重复频率YAG激光加载下，研究了30CrMnSiA钢片分别处于空气自然对流和切向强迫气流环境中不同的温度响应。实验用红外热像仪对靶前表面的温度进行了实时诊断，结果表明，在激光作用下，靶材的温升与靶前表面的对流换热状况有较大的关系，当靶面存在马赫数为0.1左右的切向气流时，材料的温升曲线明显低于靶处于空气自然对流环境下的温升曲线，气流与靶面的对流换热使得材料的激光加工所需能量或功率增加。这与应用热边界层换热动力学理论得到的结论一致。     

Radiative heat transfer analysis in pure water heater used for semiconductor processing

A simplified one-dimensional model is presented to analyze the non-gray radiative transfer in pure water heater used in the rinsing processes within semiconductor production lines, and the ray-tracing method is extended to simulate the radiative heat transfer. To examine the accuracy of the simplified model, the distribution of radiation absorption is determined by the ray-tracing method based the simplified model and compared with the data obtained by three-dimensional non-gray model in combination with Monte Carlo method in reference, and the effects of the water thickness on the radiation absorption are analyzed. The results show that the simplified model has a good accuracy in solving the radiation absorption in the pure water heater. The radiation absorption increases with the water thickness, but when the water thickness is greater than , the radiation absorption increases very slowly with the water thickness.