Sputtered ZnO film on aluminium foils for flexible ultrasonic transducers

Nanocrystalline ZnO films with both C-axis vertical grown and inclined angled grown were sputter-deposited onto aluminium foils (50 μm thick) and characterised for using as flexible ultrasonic transducers. As-deposited C-axis grown ZnO films were annealed at different temperatures up to 600 °C to enhance film crystallinity and reduce film stress. The C-axis grown ZnO film on the Al foil were bonded onto steel plates, and the pulse-echo tests verified a good performance (with dominant longitudinal waves) of the ultrasonic transducers made from both as-deposited and post-annealed films. Inclined angled ZnO films on the Al foil glued onto steel plates generated mixed shear and longitudinal waves in the pulse-echo test.     

45°倾斜镜多自由度精调结构设计研究

对于高准确度光学系统,光学元件及其支撑机构之间的简单连接很难使光路对准并满足公差要求,本文介绍了一种在光学系统中能够对光路进行折转或分束的45°倾斜镜的精调支撑机构.该倾斜镜支撑结构采用了多自由度精调方式,能够在实现两维倾斜调整的同时,实现相互垂直光路的方向平移.设计中使用的柔性元件使结构的倾斜调整准确度达到角秒级,实现0~10 mm的位移,同时借鉴现有的燕尾槽导轨平移技术节省加工成本和减小周期,并且借助有限元分析软件,对机构中的关键部分进行了详尽的分析和论证.整个研究方法可作为同类光机系统设计时的参考,在光学系统的光路调整中有较大的应用价值.     

月基极紫外相机反射镜组件的设计

为了使月基极紫外相机反射镜组件在月球环境下具有良好的力学和热学稳定性,从而保证相机的成像质量,本文针对月基极紫外相机所处的严酷的力学和温度条件,设计了一种满足月球环境的反射镜组件结构.通过对反射镜组件有限元模型的重力分析、热载荷分析、动态刚度分析以及结构强度分析,结果表明反射镜组件的一阶谐振频率达到354 Hz,在1 g重力作用和ΔT=50℃均匀温变作用下镜面综合面形误差RMS值分别达到3.62 nm和2.46 nm,满足反射镜面形要求.最后,通过静力学面形检测、力学试验、温度适应性试验及成像分辨率测试,结果显示反射镜镜面面形精度RMS值优于14 nm,反射镜组件的设计满足总体指标,验证了该方案的合理性.     

Incidence of supraglottic activity in males and females: a preliminary report

Supraglottic activity was rated from flexible endoscopic video recordings of subjects with normal laryngeal structure and function as they sustained vowels and repeated syllables and sentences. Judges rated these recordings for false vocal fold (FVF) adduction and anterior-to-posterior (A-P) compression at the initiation of the speech task, throughout the whole speech task (static supraglottic activity), and as brief individual adductions within a speech task (dynamic supraglottic activity). Significant differences in A-P (p < 0.0003) and FVF (p < 0.0000001) compression were found between tasks. Dynamic FVF activity was associated with glottal stops. Static A-P and FVF activities were present in males significantly more (p < 0.0001) than females. FVF activity associated with speech initiation was found in females significantly more (p = 0.0256) than males. Supraglottic activity plays a role in normal speech production, and should not necessarily be considered suggestive of a voice use pattern with excessive muscle tension.     

Stability and oscillations in a slow-fast flexible joint system with transformation delay

Flexible joints are usually used to transfer velocities in robot systems and may lead to delays in motion transformation due to joint flexibility. In this paper, a linkrotor structure connected by a flexible joint or shaft is firstly modeled to be a slow-fast delayed system when moment of inertia of the lightweight link is far less than that of the heavy rotor. To analyze the stability and oscillations of the slowfast system, the geometric singular perturbation method is extended, with both slow and fast manifolds expressed analytically. The stability of the slow manifold is investigated and critical boundaries are obtained to divide the stable and the unstable regions. To study effects of the transformation delay on the stability and oscillations of the link, two quantitatively different driving forces derived from the negative feedback of the link are considered. The results show that one of these two typical driving forces may drive the link to exhibit a stable state and the other kind of driving force may induce a relaxation oscillation for a very small delay. However, the link loses stability and undergoes regular periodic and bursting oscillation when the transformation delay is large. Basically, a very small delay does not affect the stability of the slow manifold but a large delay affects substantially.     

柔性机构动态可靠性分析的新方法

为了改善柔性机构动态可靠性分析的效率和精度,基于支持向量机SVM(Support Vector Machine)回归理论,提出了一种柔性机构动态可靠性分析高效率高精度的SVM回归极值法SREM(SVM Regression Extremum Method)。首先,介绍了柔性机构可靠性分析的基本理论;其次,融合蒙特卡洛法MC(Monte Carlo)和SVM回归理论,建立了柔性机构动态响应极值的代理模型,并利用代理模型进行柔性机构可靠性分析。最后,利用SREM法对柔性机构实例进行了可靠性分析,并与MC和人工神经网络ANN(Artificial Neural Networks)的分析结果进行比较。结果显示,在小样本情况下,进行柔性机构动态可靠性分析时,SREM的计算效率和计算精度都比ANN高;SREM的计算效率比MC大大提高,计算精度与MC相当。验证了在柔性机构可靠性分析中SREM的高效率和高精度,并证明了SREM在柔性机构可靠性分析中的可行性和有效行性。     

Exact geometric theory for flexible,fluid-conducting tubes

Instability of flexible tubes conducting fluid, or “garden hose instability”, is a phenomenon both familiar from everyday life and important for applications, which has been actively studied. However, previous works did not consider one of the most crucial physical effects — the dynamical change of the cross-section. We show how to consistently address this issue by coupling the geometrically exact rod dynamics with the fluid motion via the use of a constrained Hamilton's variational principle. We find strong effect of this dynamics on stability, and derive a variety of exact nonlinear solutions of traveling-wave type.     

基于近红外光谱的柔性基底紫外臭氧改性效果表征研究

近年来,随着纳米科技、聚合物材料和先进制造技术的发展,以柔性传感器为代表的新兴柔性电子器件在可穿戴、健康医疗、物联网终端等领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。作为柔性电子器件的载体,柔性基底对传感器的机械可靠性和电学传感性能等方面有着重要的意义。但由于其表面非极性键造成的高疏水性限制了功能性材料在其表面的沉积,常常造成柔性基底层与电极层/敏感层之间不稳定的界面结合。因此,利用紫外臭氧处理对柔性基底表面改性受到了广泛的关注。利用近红外光谱技术对柔性基底的紫外臭氧处理效果进行快速精准评估,旨在从基团分子层面探究其改性效果,在实际应用中是对传统依靠接触角测量评估方法的有效补充。具体而言,对四种常见的柔性基底材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEN）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚酰亚胺（PI）进行了1/2/5/10 min不同时长的紫外臭氧（UVO）改性处理,并利用近红外光谱对其改性效果进行表征研究,最后利用接触角测量方法对上述的表征结果进行了验证分析。近红外光谱分析表明：对于柔性PDMS基底,紫外光能量不足以切断其中的甲基（—CH₃）官能团和（—C—Si—）等化学键,无法引入羟基、羧基等亲水性基团。对于柔性PEN和PET基底而言,紫外臭氧处理的效果要优于柔性PDMS基底,且对柔性PET基底的处理效果要优于柔性PEN基底,其原因可能是PEN基底材料中萘环的双环结构具有很强的紫外光吸收能力,阻隔了380 nm以下的大部分紫外线能量。对于柔性PI基底,紫外臭氧处理可以有效引入羟基（—OH）和羧基（—COOH）等活性基团,且这些官能团的强度和数量随着处理时间的增加而增加,从而在短时间内使得PI基底表面能增大、接触角减小、湿润性提高。接触角测试结果验证：紫外臭氧处理对于柔性PDMS基底处理效果不明显（接触角下降幅度为8.4%）;对柔性PET基底处理的效果（接触角下降幅度为39.6%）要优于柔性PEN基底的处理效果（接触角下降幅度为9.4%）;紫外臭氧处理的效果对柔性PI基底处理效果最佳,接触角下降幅度达到了62.7%。     

Numerical simulation of the interaction between flow and flexible nets

A numerical approach is proposed to simulate the interaction between flow and flexible nets in steady current. The numerical approach is based on the joint use of the porous-media model and the lumped-mass model. The configuration of flexible nets can be simulated using the lumped-mass model and the flow field around fishing nets can be simulated using the porous-media model. Using an appropriate iterative scheme, the fluid–structure interaction problem can be solved and the steady flow field around flexible nets can be obtained. In order to validate the numerical models, the numerical results were compared with the data obtained from corresponding physical model tests. The comparisons show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Using the proposed numerical approach, this paper presents the flow field around a single flexible net and two flexible nets with a spacing distance. Both the configuration of the flexible nets and the flow velocity results are in accordance with those of the corresponding physical model tests.     

全尺寸隔水管在复杂应力状态下的力学特性试验研究

为对隔水管在复杂应力状态下的力学特性进行试验研究,研制了能够模拟高液压环境下管柱力学行为的特殊试验装置——深水管柱力学模拟试验系统,并借助该系统对全尺寸隔水管在受内外压条件下进行了力学特性模拟试验。结果表明:试验系统运行良好,能够有效地按照要求进行加载、卸载。试验中通过对隔水管试件进行内外压加载,同时对系统两端的轴向活塞加压,消除了由于内外压产生的轴向力,实现了在内外压条件下的隔水管力学特性模拟试验。通过在管柱外壁粘贴电阻应变片,得到了其真实径向应变与环向应变随内外压变化的关系曲线,并通过分析计算得到了试件的真实应力状态。由于隔水管加工制造等方面的误差,真实的应变数据、应力状态与理论推导结果并不重合。为了提高深水作业的安全性与经济性,可以借用试验结果对理论推导值进行修正,也说明了用试验方法进行隔水管力学特性研究的重要性。该试验系统为深水作业管柱等的模拟试验提供了一个良好的平台,能够有效降低深水钻采作业的风险,提高深水钻采作业的经济性与安全性,具有较高的推广应用价值。