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121.
H. Stark J. Stelzer R. Bernhard 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1999,10(3):515-523
Recently, it was observed that water droplets suspended in a nematic liquid crystal form linear chains [Poulin et al., Science 275, 1770 (1997)]. The chaining occurs, e.g., in a large nematic drop with homeotropic boundary conditions at all the surfaces. Between each pair of water droplets a
point defect in the liquid crystalline order was found in accordance with topological constraints. This point defect causes
a repulsion between the water droplets. In our numerical investigation we limit ourselves to a chain of two droplets. For
such a complex geometry we use the method of finite elements to minimize the Frank free energy. We confirm an experimental
observation that the distance d of the point defect from the surface of a water droplet scales with the radius r of the droplet like .When the water droplets are moved apart, we find that the point defect does not stay in the middle between the droplets,
but rather forms a dipole with one of them. This confirms a theoretical model for the chaining. Analogies to a second order
phase transition are drawn. We also find the dipole when one water droplet is suspended in a bipolar nematic drop with two
boojums, i.e., surface defects at the outer boundary. Finally, we present a configuration where two droplets repel each other without a
defect between them.
Received 11 December 1998 相似文献
122.
Non-linear viscoelastic behavior of fumed silica suspensions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Suspensions of fumed silica exhibit a wide range of rheological properties depending on the nature and magnitude of the interparticle
forces. In a non-polar fluid, the particles interact through hydrogen bonding and can form a three-dimensional network. The
microstructure formation is responsible for the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of fumed silica suspensions, even at very
small strain. These non-linear rheological properties have been studied in small amplitude oscillatory experiments as a function
of particle size, surface treatment of particles, suspending medium polarity and solids concentration. The non-linear viscoelastic
behavior is characterized by a non-sinusoidal waveform of the signal response. For suspensions in a non-polar fluid, both
the elastic and the loss moduli are shown to be sensitive to the strain amplitude: the elastic modulus is decreasing with
increasing strain whereas the loss moduli is initially increasing with strain. We have chosen to examine the dissipated energy
which is clearly related to the breakup of the suspension structure. A comparison of model predictions and the experimental
data shows the limitations of these models, recently proposed in the literature to describe the behavior of colloidal suspensions.
Received: 9 March 1998 Accepted: 17 November 1998 相似文献
123.
Youfang Hu 《Optics Communications》2009,282(16):3356-3359
A Raman fibre laser based on phase shifted DFB structures is modelled for the first time. Using parameters of realistic devices, the model predicts low-threshold and highly-efficient laser output. The change of position and width of the phase shift were found to have a substantial impact on laser performance. 相似文献
124.
E. V. Korobko Prof. V. E. Dreval Z. P. Shulman V. G. Kulichikhin 《Rheologica Acta》1994,33(2):117-124
Studies have been made of concentrated (up to 60%) diatomite suspensions in transformer oil, the structure and theological properties of which depend on an applied electric field. Studies have been conducted of steady-state and transient regimes of straining involving continuous and periodic shear. The structure in such suspensions is formed in the presence of an electric field of 10–3 –102 duration. The suspensions under continuous stationary strain behave as non-Newtonian fluids with a yield stress dependent on electric intensity. Under periodic deformation conditions the test suspensions exhibit elasticity which abruptly diminishes with increasing deformation amplitude. 相似文献
125.
The non-linear instability characteristics of fiber suspensions in a plane Poiseuille flow are investigated. The evolution equation of the perturbation amplitude analogous to Landau equation is formulated and solved numerically for different fiber parameters. It is found that the equilibrium amplitude decreases with the increase of the fiber aspect ratio and volume fraction, i.e. the addition of the fibers reduces the amplitude of the perturbation, and leads to the reduction of the flow instability. This phenomenon becomes significant for large volume concentration and aspect ratio. The mechanism of the reduction of the flow instability is also analyzed by taking into account of the modification of the mean flow and the energy transfer from the mean flow to the perturbation flow. 相似文献
126.
Tang Mingyyuan 《东北数学》1994,(4)
Some New Combinatorial Conditions on the Singular Fibre of a FibrationTangMingyyuan(唐明元)(DepartmentofMathematics,ShanghaiNorm... 相似文献
127.
We have investigated the polarization properties of long-period fibre gratings fabricated using the electric arc technique. It was found that the choice of the fabrication parameters (electric current, arc duration and pulling tension) affects the polarization dependent loss of the produced gratings. In particular, a non-monotonic dependence on the external pulling tension was obtained. 相似文献
128.
Glued-diaphragm fibre optic pressure sensors that utilize standard telecommunications components which are based on Fabry–Perot
interferometry are appealing in a number of respects. Principally, they have high spatial and temporal resolution and are
low in cost. These features potentially make them well suited to operation in extreme environments produced in short-duration
high-enthalpy wind tunnel facilities where spatial and temporal resolution are essential, but attrition rates for sensors
are typically very high. The sensors we consider utilize a zirconia ferrule substrate and a thin copper foil which are bonded
together using an adhesive. The sensors show a fast response and can measure fluctuations with a frequency up to 250 kHz.
The sensors also have a high spatial resolution on the order of 0.1 mm. However, with the interrogation and calibration processes
adopted in this work, apparent errors of up to 30% of the maximum pressure have been observed. Such errors are primarily caused
by mechanical hysteresis and adhesive viscoelasticity. If a dynamic calibration is adopted, the maximum measurement error
can be limited to about 10% of the maximum pressure. However, a better approach is to eliminate the adhesive from the construction
process or design the diaphragm and substrate in a way that does not require the adhesive to carry a significant fraction
of the mechanical loading.
相似文献
129.
Alexander Argyros Sergio G. Leon-Saval Martijn A. van Eijkelenborg 《Optics Communications》2009,282(9):1785-1788
Twin-hollow-core microstructured optical fibres have been fabricated and characterised for the first time. The fibre cladding structure results in guidance by the inhibited coupling mechanism, in which there is a low overlap between the core modes and surrounding structure. This results in minimal interaction between the modes of each core in the transmission bands of the fibre and hence minimal coupling between the cores. It is shown that light is able to couple between the cores via coupling to cladding struts in the high loss wavelength bands. 相似文献
130.
Woravimol Krittaphol Arlene McDowell Christine D. Thomson Ian G. Tucker J. Paul Fawcett Momir Mikov 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2009,23(11):1169-1174
Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a widely used nutritional supplement that has potential benefit for people living in selenium‐deficient areas. Previous research has shown that selenium administered as SeMet undergoes significant enterohepatic recycling which may involve the gut microflora. In order to investigate this we have developed a simple method for the quantitation of l ‐SeMet in rat gut content suspensions prepared from jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. After incubation of l ‐SeMet with gut content suspensions, samples were deproteinized with sulfosalicylic acid and derivatized with o‐phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and N‐acetyl‐l ‐cysteine (NAC). Mass spectrometry confirmed the formation of a 1:1:1 derivative of l ‐SeMet with OPA and NAC. Samples were analysed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The assay was linear in the concentration range 0.5–100 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9992) with a limit of detection of 0.025 µg/mL (signal‐to‐noise ratio of 5). Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracies were 91.1–92.8 and 91.7–95.5%, respectively with corresponding precisions as relative standard deviation of <5%. Incubation of l ‐SeMet with gut content suspensions from different parts of the rat intestine showed that l ‐SeMet metabolism occurs mainly in the caecum. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献