Phase transition behaviors of a ferroelectric thin film with long-range interactions

Within the framework of the mean-field approximation, the transverse-field Ising model is used to investigate the surface parameter modification of interaction constants and transverse fields on phase transition behaviors of a ferroelectric thin film with long-range interactions. The variation of Curie temperature as a function of the surface transverse field for different surface interaction constants or thickness is discussed. Meanwhile, the variation of Curie temperature as a function of the surface exchange interaction for different surface transverse fields is examined. In addition, the dependence of Curie temperature on the film thickness for different surface exchange interactions and surface transverse fields is obtained.     

Solid mechanics of discrete form and the variational principles of the discontinuous form

This paper discusses the fundamental assumptions,the differen-tial equations,and the variational principles of discontinuousform belonging to a new developing branch of science-the solidmechanics of discrete form.The solid mechanics of discrete formbelongs to the branch of science of discrete medium mechanicswhich is the developing direction of the mechanics for the pre-sent.Based on the solid system with discretization and sepa-rability,the unknown functions with discontinuity in definedregions and the defined regions with variable boundaries,themechanics systems to solve the solid displacements,strains andstresses in various cases are called the solid mechanics of dis-crete form.when the unknown functions are sufficiently smooth func-tions in the whole defined region and the effects of the vari-able boundaries are disregarded,the solid mechanics of discreteform will degenerate into the classical solid mechanics belong-ing to continuum.mechanics:Its variational principles will de-generate into the clas     

Micromechanics of residual stress and texture development due to poling in polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramics

This paper presents micromechanics based analysis of elastic strain and changes in the texture of poled polycrystalline ferroelectric PZT ceramics for direct comparison with synchrotron X-ray measurements. The grains are modelled as spherical inclusions, to which transformation strains are assigned depending on the fractions of different ferroelectric domains. Eshelby's inclusion problem with the classical self-consistent method is applied to evaluate the elastic state of the grains. In particular, the elongation due to lattice elastic strain is calculated as a function of inclination Ψ relative to the polar axis. The ratio of diffraction peak intensities, corresponding to the domain fractions, is also expressed as a function of Ψ. This analysis identifies the special character of the reflection, for which the lattice strain along in the stress free state is independent of ferroelectric domain population and hence unaffected by poling. The elongation due to the lattice strain parallel to and peak intensity ratio are expressed in terms of the overall macroscopic strain of a poled specimen, each having a dependence.     

Effects of interface dislocations on properties of ferroelectric thin films

Effects of interfacial dislocations on properties of thin-film ferroelectric materials, such as the self-polarization distribution, Curie temperature, dielectric constant and the switching behaviors, are investigated via the system dynamics based on the Landau-Devonshire functional. Dislocation generation in the film is found to reduce the overall self-polarization and the Curie temperature. The spatial variations are both very strong, particularly in the immediate neighborhood of the dislocation cores. In agreement with previous results based on a stationary model, a dead layer exists near the film/substrate interface, in which the average self-polarization is much reduced. Moreover, it is evident from our results that interface dislocations play an important role in suppressing the remnant polarization and the coercive field of the polarization.     

PZT-4紧凑拉伸试样的断裂分析

基于线性压电材料的复势理论,通过解析分析,导出了一种分析有限压电板裂纹问题的解析数值方法. 首先,计算了含中心裂纹有限板的断裂参数,与Woo和Wang的解析数值法(Int J Fract, 1993, 62: 203$\sim$218)相比较,表明该方法具有很高的精度和很好的计算效率. 随后,采用该方法和有限元法计算了PZT-4紧凑拉伸试样在绝缘裂纹面边界条件下断裂时的断裂参数,发现各断裂参数的临界值分散性很大,不能作为压电材料的单参数断裂准则. 进而,针对试样真实的裂隙形状,采用有限元法计算了裂隙尖端的应力、电位移场,比较了裂隙内介质的介电性能对裂隙尖端场的影响,计算了带微裂纹的真实裂隙模型的断裂参数并进行了理论分析.      

PROGRESSIVE FRAGMENT MODELING OF FAILURE WAVE IN CERAMICS UNDER PLANAR IMPACT LOADING

Polycrystalline ceramics have heterogeneous meso-structures which result in high singularity in stress distribution. Based on this, a progressive fragment model was proposed which describes the failure wave formation and propagation in shocked ceramics. The governing equation of the failure wave was characterized by inelastic bulk strain with material damage and fracture. And the inelastic bulk strain consists of dilatant strain from nucleation and expansion of microcracks and condensed strain from collapse of original pores. Numerical simulation of the free surface velocity was performed in good agreement with planar impact experiments on 92.93％ aluminas at China Academy of Engineering Physics. And the longitudinal, lateral and shear stress histories upon the arrival of the failure wave were predicted, which present the diminished shear strength and lost spall strength in the failed layer.     

氧化铝/钼自润滑结构陶瓷表面三维复合润滑层的制备与摩擦学性能研究

应用先进的激光表面加工技术,在Al_2O_3/Mo层状自润滑结构陶瓷表面制备了微坑型织构.将织构图案作为固体润滑剂的贮存槽,通过在其中引入固体润滑剂形成三维复合润滑层.考察了复配润滑剂对织构化氧化铝/钼复合陶瓷在室温至800℃连续加热过程中的协同润滑作用,并通过磨损表面分析探讨了其在宽温域下的润滑机理.结果表明:通过集成固体润滑剂优异的减摩抗磨性能和微织构特殊的结构特征,可使氧化铝/钼复合陶瓷在室温、中温区域的摩擦学性能得到显著改善,实现了材料在较宽温度范围内的连续润滑.复合Graphite/BaSO_4/CaF_2-BaF_2的表面在室温至800℃温度范围内的摩擦系数均保持在0.45以下.     

Al2O3陶瓷材料应变率相关的动态本构关系研究

采用改进的SHPB实验方法对Al2O3陶瓷的动态力学性能进行了研究,得到了材料在较高应变率范围内的动态应力应变曲线。结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷为弹脆性材料,其动态应力应变呈非线性关系,在较高的应变率范围内,陶瓷材料的动态应力应变关系是应变率相关的;材料的初始弹性模量、破坏应力、破坏应变值随应变率的增大而增大。基于损伤力学的基本理论,给出了Al2O3陶瓷的一维损伤型线性弹脆性本构模型。根据SHPB实验结果确定模型中的参数,得到了Al2O3陶瓷应变率相关的损伤型动态本构方程。     

Micromechanical modelling of remanent properties of morphotropic PZT

The present paper investigates the capability of micromechanical material models to predict the ferroelectric behaviour of morphotropic PZT ceramics in a rate-independent approximation based on realistic microscopic material parameters. Starting point is a three-dimensional tetragonal model, which builds on the model of Pathak and McMeeking [2008. Three-dimensional finite element simulations of ferroelectric polycrystals under electrical and mechanical loading. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 56, 663-683]. Volume fractions of the crystallographic variants represent the domain structure inside the grains. Interactions between the grains are taken into account by means of a representative volume element of the grain compound. A simplified set of realistic microscopic material parameters of the lattice in terms of Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, dielectric constant, and spontaneous strain and polarisation is derived from experimental data and theoretical results given in the literature. The simulation of the macroscopic remanent polarisation and strain response due to two load cases shows explicitly that the tetragonal model is not capable to reproduce the behaviour of morphotropic PZT. Therefore, the model is extended by the rhombohedral phase, allowing a mixture of both phases with varying quantities inside the grains. A comparison of our results with experimental data shows a remarkably good agreement, revealing the capability of the extended model.     

Reduction of applied electric potential controlling thermoelastic displacement in a piezoelectric actuator

Summary The present paper discusses how to reduce the applied electric potential which controls a distribution of the elastic displacement, when temperature change induces elastic deformation in a piezoelectric-based solid state actuator. The actuator consists of an isotropic structural plate, onto which multiple piezoelectric ceramic plates of crystal class 6mm are perfectly bonded. The analysis of this thermoelastic problem leads to electric potential applied to piezoelectric ceramic plates. Numerical calculations are carried out for an isotropic steel plate, onto which multiple cadmium-selenide plates are perfectly bonded. Finally, it is shown that the maximum applied electric potential in the case of ten cadmium selenide plates can be reduced to 11% of that derived from the previous study of a similar problem of one cadmium selenide plate bonded onto an isotropic steel plate. Received 10 September 1998; accepted for publication 23 March 1999