无机及分析化学实验室管理的实践和探索

浙江大学无机及分析化学实验室在日常管理和教学辅助工作中开展了一系列的实践和探索,如开设循环实验、关注实验细节、加强安全教育与考核等。本文分析和总结了在实验室资源最优化、节约药品、保障仪器设备的运行、注重安全管理等方面所采取的一些行之有效的做法。     

The relationship between exploration and exploitation strategies,manufacturing flexibility and organizational learning: An empirical comparison between Non-ISO and ISO certified firms

The markets in which organizations currently operate require them to use behaviour based on both exploitation strategy and exploration strategy, each of which contributes fundamental benefits for the firm’s success. Exploitation strategy attempts to obtain the maximum advantage from existing abilities, whereas exploration strategy searches for new ways for the organization to adapt. Further, since manufacturing markets are characterized by short product life, they require a high level of manufacturing flexibility, which can play a crucial role in the development of the exploitation and exploration strategies. This study analyses the relationship of manufacturing flexibility to exploitation and exploration strategies, taking into account an issue of maximum international scope: the implementation of ISO standards. In many international markets, ISO implementation is crucial in enabling organizations to be competitive. However, no consensus has been reached concerning the real benefits that these systems provide to the organizations that implement them. The main goal of our study is to analyse whether there are significant differences in the relationship of manufacturing flexibility to exploitation and exploration strategies in ISO 9001:2000 certified organizations and non-certified organizations. Our results show that most of the relationships analysed are only significant in ISO certified organizations. As an added value, the study analyses the relationship of exploitation and exploration strategies to organizational learning orientation and finds this relationship to be significant in all cases.     

Feller Property and Infinitesimal Generator of the Exploration Process

We consider the exploration process associated to the continuous random tree (CRT) built using a Lévy process with no negative jumps. This process has been studied by Duquesne, Le Gall and Le Jan. This measure-valued Markov process is a useful tool to study CRT as well as super-Brownian motion with general branching mechanism. In this paper we prove this process is Feller, and we compute its infinitesimal generator on exponential functionals and give the corresponding martingale. The research of the second author was partially supported by NSERC Discovery Grants of the Probability group at Univ. of British Columbia.     

高分子化学与物理实验教学探索与实践

根据东北大学应用化学专业特点,本文对高分子化学与物理实验教学的内容、方法及模式进行了全面的改革和深化。近年来,通过实践"巩固基础,加强综合性、设计性及研究性实验,开展趣味性实验,推广微型化实验,改革实验教学方法及完善实验考核方式"的改革模式表明:这对培养学生的实验动手能力、创新能力、科研能力及节能减排与环保意识等是十分必要的,同时也有利于激发学生的进取心和创造欲望,拓宽学生的思路,及提高学生的实验兴趣、主观能动性以与发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的应用能力。     

运用多重分形和小波变换预测油气储量及确定勘探井位

本文尝试将多重分形和小波变换紧密结合用于预测油 田储量及勘探蝇位，相应地提出了一种新型实用算法，这种算法计算简便，精度高。本文在运用多重分形进行分析时，引入了反映多重分形谱图凸性的新指标，并提出了在运用多重分形指标的同时进行综合分析的方法。     

水热制备中国紫BaCuSi2O6的条件探索及各条件产物分析研究

中国紫BaCuSi₂O₆是中国古代人工颜料硅酸铜钡的一种，是中国古代科技史中独树一帜的文明成果，代表了当时中国的科技水平和科技成就。水热合成法通过高温高压的水蒸气使那些在大气条件下不溶或难溶的物质溶解，并且重结晶来进行无机合成与材料处理，是近年来比较新兴的方法。参考前人研究，采用水热合成法，选择BaCl₂·2H₂O，CuO，Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O为原料，按照目标产物化学计量比称取，调控溶液pH、合成温度和保温时间等影响因素，制备出高纯度的中国紫。产物的物相与纯度使用XRD表征。实验结果表明，当10≤pH≤12时可生成纯度较高的中国紫，160 ℃时生成的中国紫纯度较180 ℃更高，且随着水热时间的延长，中国紫的纯度提高。考虑到绿色安全、能耗低、操作简便等因素，最终得出水热制备中国紫的最佳制备条件是pH 12，温度为160 ℃，保温时间48 h。中间产物BaSi₂O₅和Ba₄Si₆O₁₆的发现，表明在硅酸铜钡晶体的生长过程中Ba与Si先与O以不同形式结合，Cu最后参与构筑硅酸铜钡晶体。该工作提供了一种新方法用于合成纯净中国紫，可用来做文物保护修复材料；同时在中国紫的合成机理研究方面提供依据和线索，对中国古代科技史研究具有促进作用。     

中山大学化学"拔尖计划"人才培养探索

介绍了中山大学化学学院"基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划"项目的开展情况,从培养目标、实施探索和实施成效三个方面对近年来中山大学化学学院拔尖学生人才培养模式进行了系统全面的总结,为今后"拔尖计划"的实施和改进提供了有益的借鉴。     

“三因一选”模式——新时代大学化学实验教学改革探索

It is a powerful tool of talent development to reinforce the nation's power. For educating comprehensive talents, teaching of chemistry laboratory for undergraduate is of great significance. In the light of college chemistry experiment, we propose a teaching mode named "3 factors & 1 choice", that is teaching in accordance with majors, teaching in accordance with local condition, teaching in accordance with general trends, and optional experiments. It aims to combine the characteristics of each major with specific experiments, to enhance students' conscious activity, and to strengthen students' creative thought and practical innovation ability.     

高含量铷化探样品中镍的XRF法测定

对于化探样品中 Rb元素含量超高的样品 ,通过拓宽标准样品的含量范围 ,利用 X射线荧光光谱仪 ,选择既有准确分析值 ,又能代表样品元素含量范围的标准样品 ,经回归计算 ,测得校准曲线 ,对 Rb的含量在 2× 10 -6— 132 0× 10 -6的变化范围内 ,准确测定 Ni的含量