数量化理论Ⅲ在瓦斯突出预测敏感地质指标筛选中的应用

论述了数量化理论及数量化理论Ⅲ的基本原理,提出了反应标度的概念和计算方法,扩展了原来反应取值的适用范围和科学性。以中马村矿区为研究实例,研究了影响煤与瓦斯突出的地质因素,并采用统计单元划分结合数量化理论Ⅲ的方法,从11个地质因素中筛选出8个瓦斯突出预测敏感地质指标,并据此对中马村矿已采区进行了瓦斯地质区划。实践表明:将数量化理论Ⅲ应用于瓦斯地质学是可行的,为瓦斯突出预测敏感地质指标的筛选提供了新的思路。     

Stress intensity factors for asymmetric branched cracks in plane extension by using crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements

Stress intensity factors are important in the analysis of cracked materials. They are directly related to the fracture propagation and fatigue crack growth criteria. Based on the analytical solution (Crouch, S.L., 1976. Solution of plane elasticity problems by displacement discontinuity method, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 10, pp. 301–343; Crouch, S.L., Starfield, A.M., 1983. Boundary Element Method in Solid Mechanics, with Application in Rock Mechanics and Geological Mechanics, London, Geore Allon and Unwin, Bonton, Sydney) to the problem of a constant discontinuity in displacement over a finite line segment in the x, y plane of an infinite elastic solid, recently, the crack-tip displacement discontinuity element which can be classified as the left and right crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements are developed by the author Yan, X., (in press. A special crack-tip displacement discontinuity element, Mechanics Research Communications) to model the crack-tip fields to more accurately compute the stress intensity factors of cracks in general plane elasticity. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip displacement discontinuity element is placed locally at the corresponding left or right crack tip on top of the ordinary non-singular displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. To prove further the efficiency of the suggested approach and provide more results of the stress intensity factors, in this study, analysis of an asymmetric branched crack bifurcated from a main crack in plane extension is carried out.     

Brittle fracture dynamics with arbitrary paths I. Kinking of a dynamic crack in general antiplane loading

We present a new method for determining the elasto-dynamic stress fields associated with the propagation of anti-plane kinked or branched cracks. Our approach allows the exact calculation of the corresponding dynamic stress intensity factors. The latter are very important quantities in dynamic brittle fracture mechanics, since they determine the crack path and eventual branching instabilities. As a first illustration, we consider a semi-infinite anti-plane straight crack, initially propagating at a given time-dependent velocity, that changes instantaneously both its direction and its speed of propagation. We will give the explicit dependence of the stress intensity factor just after kinking as a function of the stress intensity factor just before kinking, the kinking angle and the instantaneous velocity of the crack tip.     

具有中心孔的正交复合材料板在双轴载荷下的应力分析

本文研究了具有中心孔的正交复合材料板在双向载荷下的应力,建立了有限校核系数和双轴率以及之间板宽率的关系,并得到孔边的应力集中系数.这些结果对研究具有中心孔的正交复合材料板在双向载荷下的强度预测和应力分析具有重要的作用.     

边坡工程加固需求度评价及其应用

稳定程度不足的边坡通常都需要进行加固。但在加固系统设计时工程师们必须搞清边坡的哪些部位应进行重点加固 ,哪些部位只需要一般加固 ,甚至不需要加固 ,以便合理地布置加固措施。在工程地质力学综合集成方法论 (EGMS)的基础上 ,作者提出了边坡工程加固需求度 (DRD)的概念及其应用方法。     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF DISK WITH A RADIAL EDGE CRACK SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL IMPULSIVE PRESSURE

A dynamic weight function method is presented for dynamic stress intensity factors of circular disk with a radial edge crack under external impulsive pressure. The dynamic stresses in a circular disk are solved under abrupt step external pressure using the eigenfunction method. The solution consists of a quasi-static solution satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions and a dynamic solution satisfying homogeneous boundary conditions. By making use of Fourier-Bessel series expansion, the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in the circular disk are derived. Furthermore, the equation for stress intensity factors under uniform pressure is used as the reference case, the weight function equation for the circular disk containing an edge crack is worked out, and the dynamic stress intensity factor equation for the circular disk containing a radial edge crack can be given. The results indicate that the stress intensity factors under sudden step external pressure vary periodically with time, and the ratio of the maximum value of dynamic stress intensity factors to the corresponding static value is about 2.0.     

含双周期裂纹群弹性板的弱化问题

应用隔离分析与叠加原理，研究了沿一个方向共线的双周期裂纹群的相互作用，提出了一种新的近似解法，将裂纹尖端应力强度因子及裂纹表面间断位移用解析或半解析的式子直接表达出来，进而求出双周期裂纹板的有效弹模及柔度矩阵，算法简单，结果精确，是一种处理双周期裂纹群问题的有效方法。     

用热光弹法研究路面裂缝稳定性问题

半刚性基层沥青路面在修建过程中,由于路表面气温的变化及其他因素的影响很容易产生裂纹,这就出现了在温度梯度作用下,路面开裂后是否稳定的问题.本文探讨用脆性断裂力学研究这些问题,研究结果表明,路面结构产生裂纹后,温变梯度作用是引起裂纹继续扩展的重要因素.     

Toughening of ferroelectrics by the out-of-plane poling

Subjected to the prior out-of-plane poling, the ferroelectrics can be toughened considerably. The present paper describes the variation of the stress intensity factor (SIF) by 90° switching in ferroelectrics. The analysis is carried out for the combined mechanical and electrical loading, with simple relations obtained for the case of the purely electrical loading. The out-of-plane poling is found to raise the SIF for the crack initiation, but appreciably reduces the SIF for the crack growth in a steady state. More stable fracture resistance curves can be achieved by the out-of-plane poling. This prediction is supported quantitatively by the testing data of SENB specimens of PZT-5 samples, when the toughening effects of polings in three orthogonal directions are compared. The project supported by Sino-Germany Center for Science and Technology (G2050/8)     

平寨坝址左岸岩溶发育规律及其对建坝条件的影响

地层岩性、水文地质、地质构造对平寨坝址的工程地质条件起着主要作用。从岩溶形态入手 ,对平寨坝址左岸岩溶的分布规律进行了研究 ,指出主要岩溶形态如洼地、漏斗、落水洞等在平面上呈带状分布 ;溶洞在垂向上具成层性、空间展布上具方向性以及平面分布具差异性等分布规律。对影响岩溶发育的因素进行了探讨的结果表明 :(1)灰岩的纯度越高、岩层越单一、层理的厚度越大 ,岩溶越发育 ;(2 )褶皱控制岩溶系统整体发育的方向、控制溶洞发育部位、规模及形态 ;(3)裂隙的发育程度和延伸方向决定岩溶发育的程度和发展方向。在岩溶发育规律的基础上对坝址左岸岩溶进行了如下预测 :(1)坝址左岸表层岩溶发育较强 ,岩体内部发育较弱 ;(2 )在坝轴线附近隐伏大规模溶洞的可能性较小 ;(3)平寨坝址河床深岩溶不发育。最后探讨了岩溶发育对建坝可能产生的渗漏与稳定性降低等问题