一种直流力矩电机系统的滞滑摩擦补偿方法

陀螺漂移测试转台直流力矩电机系统中存在的非线性滞滑摩擦，使转台在PID控制下存在滞滑极限环。为提高转台定位精度，应用具有滞滑(stick-slip)摩擦的直流力矩电机系统模型，推导了一种补偿方法，对含有滞滑摩擦的PID控制转台直流力矩电机伺服系统进行滞滑摩擦补偿。在采用PID控制的转台电机系统定位工作状态下，这种滞滑补偿方法可以减小滞滑极限环的幅值。仿真结果证明了该补偿方法的有效性。     

含人工脱粘层固体装药结构应力应变场分析

针对某翼柱型固体装药结构,选取1/16子结构进行了有限元分析。通过将其分割成若干具有单一拓扑型式的组合体,获得了精度较高的结构化网格。在三维线性粘弹性理论和边界非线性理论基础上,基于接触算法模拟了人工脱粘层的边界条件;研究了固化降温过程含人工脱粘层固体装药结构的变形特征和应变场,并与无人工脱粘层的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明:人工脱粘层可以显著地改善固体装药结构端部的应变水平,最大的等效VonMises应变从无人工脱粘的30.1%下降为23.0%。此外,探讨了人工脱粘层前缘的应力水平以及工程上界面脱粘的快速近似计算方法。     

基于模糊PID的直流力矩电机转速控制

在分析模糊控制和 PID 控制结合方式的基础上,设计了一个二维模糊 PID 控制算法,该算法根据误差信号是否达到阈值来决定何时在模糊控制与 PID 控制之间切换。采用编码器、80196KC 单片机、16 位 D/A 转换器和直流力矩电并结合上述控制算法构成直流力矩电机的模糊PID 稳速控制系统。通过对标准 PID 和模糊 PID 实测数据分析比较说明,模糊 PID 控制可以达到无超调输出,其调节时间小于标准 PID 控制的调节时间,稳态误差小于万分之四。     

压电超声电机的非线性动力学研究进展

压电超声电机 (ultrasonic motor, USM) 是一个具有闭环控制的机电耦合强非线性系统,在大功率情况下,会表现出明显的非线性现象．其非线性因素主要表现为: (1) 定子与动子之间的接触非线性; (2) 定子材料非线性; (3) 温度、磨损等因素引起的缓变因素; (4) 驱动电网络中的非线性因素．由于诸多非线性因素的存在,使得 USM 系统具有跳跃、滞后、共振频率漂移、死区和饱和等非线性现象,同时,给 USM 的非线性动力学建模带来了困难．而 USM 闭环控制要求有一个合理的动力学模型,因此,研究 USM 的非线性动力学建模是 USM 研究中的一个重要内容．针对超声电机系统中普遍存在的非线性因素和非线性动力学建模方法进行了归纳,对已有文献中有关超声电机非线性动力学的研究进行了总结,指出了有关该方面的若干研究方向．      

考虑压电材料非线性特性时旋转式超声电机定子的主共振响应

考虑压电材料非线性本构关系，建立了旋转式超声电机定子的非线性动力学模型，利用解析与数值方法研究超声电机定子的主共振响应，以揭示压电材料非线性本构关系对定子振动特性的影响，为深入研究旋转行波超声电机的动力学机理奠定基础．     

Phase proportioning in CuAlBe shape memory alloys during thermomechanical loadings using electric resistance variation

The microstructure of shape memory alloys changes with the thermomechanical history of the material. During thermomechanical loading, austenite, thermally-induced martensite or stress-induced martensite can be simultaneously present in the material. In applications integrating SMA parts, utilization conditions seriously affect the microstructure and can generate macroscopic strain or stress. Consequently, during thermomechanical loadings, it is important to be able to proportion the different phases and consequently to understand the kinetic transformation. This is very useful in the development of constitutive equations. This study shows, by a series of tests, that the proposed experimental method, based on the measurement of the variation of electric resistance of CuAlBe wires, permits to determine the volume fraction of the different phases present in the material (i.e., austenite, stress-induced martensite and thermally-induced martensite). The proposed method is applied to the most common thermomechanical behavior met in engineering applications of shape memory alloys: pseudoelasticity, pseudoplasticity, recovery-stress and stress-assisted two-way shape memory effect. The proportioning method based on a mixture law integrating the resistivity of pure phases present in the SMA is first performed on different two-phase mixture cases and then applied to a three phase mixture case.     

摩托车传动用滚子链磨损特性的研究

道路行驶磨损试验结果表明，摩托车传动用滚子链套筒和销轴零件的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损，并伴随有疲劳磨损的特征．由微观分析和链条的磨损伸长量可知：套筒和销轴的初始表面硬度较高，有利于改善其磨损表面形貌状态和耐磨性；在磨粒磨损机制下，套筒和销轴零件的表面硬度较低，容易产生“犁切”，表面层的循环硬化现象比较明显，磨损严重；在油池润滑条件下，套筒和销轴零件的表面硬度较高，裂纹的扩展速率较快，循环软化现象也较明显，当表面硬度较低时发生循环硬化．循环软化与循环硬化是导致磨损严重的原因之一．     

Mechanics of water pore formation in lipid membrane under electric field

Transmembrane water pores are crucial for sub-stance transport through cell membranes via membrane fusion, such as in neural communication. However, the molecular mechanism of water pore formation is not clear. In this study, we apply all-atom molecular dynamics and bias-exchange metadynamics simulations to study the pro-cess of water pore formation under an electric field. We show that water molecules can enter a membrane under an electric field and form a water pore of a few nanometers in diame-ter. These water molecules disturb the interactions between lipid head groups and the ordered arrangement of lipids. Fol-lowing the movement of water molecules, the lipid head groups are rotated and driven into the hydrophobic region of the membrane. The reorientated lipid head groups inside the membrane form a hydrophilic surface of the water pore. This study reveals the atomic details of how an electric field influences the movement of water molecules and lipid head groups, resulting in water pore formation.     

Tuning of non-uniform switch toughening in ferroelectric composites by an electric field

This paper deals with a mode III interfacial crack subject to anti-plane stress and in-plane electric fields. The analysis concentrates on the tuning of fracture toughness from non-uniform ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain switch-ing by an electric field. The electric loading changes the size of the asymmetric switching zone. Employing the weight function method, we obtain the electrically-dependent switch toughening for stationary and quasi-static growing interfacial cracks, respectively. Multi-domain solutions are derived for non-poled and fully-poled ferroelectric composites. Numer-ical results are presented on the electric field tuning of the critical applied stress intensity factor. The research provides ways to optimize fracture properties of ferroelectric compos-ites by altering the electric field.     

行波超声马达的快速,精确定位控制

理论和实验两方面的研究表明，行波超声马达的速度响应对输入电压的传递函数可以用一阶形式来近似。因此提出了一种实用的比例积分控制方法，可使系统实现快速响应和精确的定位控制。