玻璃的冲击损伤

冲蚀过程是一个与颗粒反复冲击物体表面而移除物质相关的表面现象．本文研究了玻璃的冲蚀坑的几何尺寸和体积，给出了冲蚀移除物质如何依赖于颗粒流动速度、颗粒尺寸和冲击角的理论关系．通过理论与实验结果相比较，定义了一定冲蚀坑尺度的有效域．     

Formulation for XPS spectral change of oxides by ion bombardment as a function of sputtering time

XPS measurement revealed that the original state of TiO₂ was changed to Ti₂O₃ and TiO by ion bombardment. TiO₂ decreased and Ti₂O₃ increased at the initial stage. TiO increased at a later stage than Ti₂O₃. Each of them saturated after enough sputtering time.A formulation was proposed in order to explain the change of XPS spectra for oxides as a function of ion sputtering time. This formulation was based on reaction equations that contain two reduction processes (from TiO₂ to Ti₂O₃ and from Ti₂O₃ to TiO), and sputtering effects. Using four fitting parameters (two reduction coefficients, sputtering yield and information depth), the present formula was fitted to the experimental results. The fitting results agree satisfactorily with the experimental results. The calculation shows that the reduction coefficient from TiO₂ to Ti₂O₃ is about ten times larger than that from Ti₂O₃ to TiO. This calculation predicts that surface composition of an oxide that is changed by ion bombardment will reach a different value depending on its bulk composition. Moreover, the present formulation can determine the chemical states of compounds changed by ion bombardment.     

一种新颖的测定和分析羟自由基氧化损伤RNA及其分子机理的化学发光体系

近年来，羟自由基（^.OH)对DNA氧化损伤已受到广泛关注，但是很少研究^.OH对RNA的氧化损伤。其实，RNA与DNA一样，也是核酸的两大组分之一，也有许多重要功能。所以^.OH攻击RNA也会引起重后果，会造成细胞功能衰退甚至细胞死亡等。为此，我们建立了Vit.C-CuSO4-Phen-H2O2-PNA这一产生和测定^.OH氧化损伤RNA的化学发光体系，以便加强^.OH氧化损伤RNA的研究。通过对本体系测定条件的研究，得出了本体系最佳组方是：Vit.C,CuSO4,Phen,H2O2和RNA，浓度分别为350μmol/L,55μmol/L,350μmol/L,0.2mol/L和20μg/mL,体系pH为5．5，体系终体积为1mL。随后，利用本体系检测了槲皮素，咖啡酸，黄芩甙和芦丁抗^.OH氧化损伤RNA的作用，发现这四种抗氧化剂均能有效抑制^.OH氧化损伤RNA的分子机理，结果发现，^.OH清除剂硫脲几乎抑制全部发光，推测是因硫脲清除了引发剂^.OH所致；O^-.2清除剂SOD只能抑制小部分发光；^1O2清除剂叠氮化钠和苯甲酸都能抑制绝大部分发光。这些事实提示，^.OH是RNA氧化损伤的引发剂；O^-.2只是导致RNA氧化损伤的次要因素，^1O2才是导致RNA氧化损伤的最主要因素。     

塑料闪烁体的辐照特性

利用⁶⁰Co放射源分别对3种塑料闪烁体(BC-408, EJ-200, BC-404)进行辐照损伤研究, 比较辐照前后的透射谱、发射谱及光产额的变化, 发现3种闪烁体在低剂量具有较好的抗辐照性能; 当照射剂量超过1.44×10⁴Gy时,透射谱明显变坏, 光输出减少很严重, 但发射谱却保持不变.     

3D molecular imaging SIMS

Thin monolayer and bilayer films of spin cast poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly(lactic) acid (PLA) and PLA doped with several pharmaceuticals have been analyzed by dynamic SIMS using SF₅⁺ polyatomic primary ion bombardment. Each of these systems exhibited minimal primary beam-induced degradation under cluster ion bombardment allowing molecular depth profiles to be obtained through the film. By combing secondary ion imaging with depth profiling, three-dimensional molecular image depth profiles have been obtained from these systems. In another approach, bevel cross-sections are cut in the samples with the SF₅⁺ primary ion beam to produce a laterally magnified cross-section of the sample that does not contain the beam-induced damage that would be induced by conventional focussed ion beam (FIB) cross-sectioning. The bevel surface can then be examined using cluster SIMS imaging or other appropriate microanalysis technique.     

Damage and fracture evaluation of granular composite materials by digital image correlation method

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steelfiber reinforced concrete, sandstone and crystal-polymer composite. The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated. The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform (WT) coefficients of the transform spectrum. The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry, both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211 and 10072002), the Scientific Committee of Yunnan Province for the Program of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and the Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP at Mianyang     

基于累积损伤过程的不完全预防维护决策

基于累积损伤过程研究旧系统的不完全预防维护策略,冲击服从非时齐Poisson过程,并产生随机的损伤量,损伤量是加法累加的.系统在累积损伤量达到k或系统运行年龄达到T时进行计划内预防维护.在两次计划内预防维护之间,当累积损伤量达到预定水平K (k K)时,对系统进行计划外维护,其费用高于计划内预防维护,利用再生过程理论得到单位时间维护成本,讨论在时齐Poisson过程下的时间预防维护策略与水平预防维护策略,同时给出算例.     

Gamma radiation effects on an amine antioxidant added in an ethylene-propylene copolymer

The aim of this work was to compare the gamma radiation induced effects on samples of an ethylene-propylene copolymer antioxidant free with samples loaded with an antioxidant characterised by the presence of an -NH functional group. The employed techniques were Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Stable radicals R---NO° due to the interaction of free radicals produced in the irradiated polymer with the antioxidant have been observed by ESR at room temperature. The time evolution of the ESR signals following the irradiation was examined at different doses. The amount of antioxidant not involved in the oxidation reactions has been determined using HPLC.     

韧性金属裂纹尖端损伤区内应变场测量——数字散斑相关法应用

本文用数字散斑相关方法测量了五种不同幂硬化指数韧性金属材料(铝和铜),双边裂纹尖端细观区域内应变场.对所得结果用韧性损伤模型进行了分析.在此法中以金属自然表面结构为散斑场,不同加载状态的散斑场进行比较,得到相对变形与应变.图象之间相关性 C 是变形参数或是位移及其导数的泛函.使其相关性 C 取最大值的试凑变形即为其真实变形场.这一方法在细观测量中应用得到满意的结果.