基于扩散相关光谱的血流检测方法研究

组织血流信息在临床诊断和治疗中具有重要的作用,无创血流检测是医患双方的期望。研究采用了近红外扩散相关光谱方法对生物组织血流进行无创检测,理论分析了散射光斑强度的变化和被测组织中血细胞运动状态的函数关系,建立了检测组织血流的理论模型及检测系统。该系统通过求解组织表面散射光斑电场强度的时间自相关函数来推断组织中血细胞的运动状态,进行组织血流的定量分析。采用健康人体前臂袖带加压实验模型对该系统进行了验证,实验结果验证了该系统进行组织无创血流检测的可行性,同时也表明该系统可以提供从浅层到深层的组织血流变化信息。     

可见/近红外漫透射光谱结合CARS变量优选预测脐橙可溶性固形物

可溶性固形物(SSC)是脐橙重要内部品质之一。采用QualitySpec型光谱仪在350～1000 nm波段范围采集脐橙的可见/近红外漫透射光谱,采用CARS(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling)变量选择方法筛选出与脐橙SSC相关的重要变量,并与无信息变量消除(UVE)及连续投影算法(SPA)比较。最后,对选择的38个重要波长变量应用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归建立脐橙SSC预测模型,并对未参与建模的75个样品进行预测。研究结果表明,CARS方法优于UVE及SPA变量选择方法,能有效地筛选出重要波长变量。CARS-PLS建立的SSC预测模型优于全光谱的PLS模型,其校正集及预测集的相关系数分别为0.948和0.917,均方根误差分别为0.347%和0.394%。因此,可见/近红外漫透射光谱结合CARS方法可以预测脐橙可溶性固形物,CARS变量选择方法能有效简化预测模型和提高模型的预测精度。     

苹果可溶性固形物便携式检测实验研究

为实现苹果可溶性固形物的便携式快速检测,搭建了以STS光谱仪和自制样品杯作为光谱检测装置的苹果可溶性固形物便携式检测平台。采用自行设计的检测平台采集了苹果的近红外漫反射光谱,对比分析了不同的光照角度、光源与探头距离对光谱响应特性的影响,建立了苹果可溶性固形物偏最小二乘模型(PLS)和最小二乘支持向量机模型(LS-SVM),采用连续投影算法及主成分分分析法对最小二乘支持向量机模型进行了优化,并对比分析了两种检测模型的优劣。其中当光源距探头距离为15 mm光源角度为45°时,结合偏最小二乘法建立苹果的可溶性固形物定量检测模型精度最高。模型的预测集相关系数为0.924,预测均方根误差为0.334%。实验结果表明,采用四周照射、底部接收并结合避光圈的这种结构布置能够有效的克服杂散光现象并且提高了光谱中的有效信息。研究可为快速、便携的苹果可溶性固形物检测仪器的设计提供参考依据和理论支撑。     

Estimation of optical abnormalities in breast phantom by diffuse equation

Optical imaging is an emerging method for bio-imaging. The advantages of this imaging provide non-ionizing and safe radiation, non-invasive and functional medical imaging. Due to diffusion of photons inside biological tissues, its image processing is complicated. So in spite of these advantages, this imaging method has not been progressed like ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, the penetration depth of photons inside biological phantom is low. To overcome this problem, the complicated diffusion of photons through tissue must be modeled. The diffuse equation can be applied to simulate photons through turbid media like biological tissues. In this paper, the diffuse equation is used to study propagation of diffuse photons. The green function method is applied to solve this equation, and then the optical properties of abnormalities in breast phantom are estimated. This fast method can be applied for image processing.     

Generation of Large‐Area Highly‐Nonequlibrium Plasma in Pure Hydrogen at Atmospheric Pressure

Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge (DCSBD) is a novel type of atmospheric‐pressure plasma source developed for high‐speed large‐area surface plasma treatments. Basic characteristics of DCSBD operated in pure atmospheric‐pressure hydrogen were measured using optical and emission spectroscopy methods, and its potential for the surface treatment application was demonstrated by hydrogen plasma reduction of Cu₂O thin layers. The discharge generates a thin layer of diffuse non‐equilibrium plasma with a high power density of 70 Wcm^–3. The mean electron density and electron temperature derived from spectroscopic data were 1.3 x 10¹⁶cm^–3 and 19 x 10³K, and the surface Cu₂O layers forming a weak boundary were reduced to metallic copper within several seconds. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

褐煤颗粒表面官能团的分布特征

采用原位傅里叶红外光谱漫反射测试了北皂褐煤在粒度为40—60目、60—80目、80—100目、100—160目和160目—0.1mm的官能团分布特征,对比分析了不同粒度范围内的红外测试谱图。结果表明,粒度在40—60目以后,官能团区域可识别的特征吸收峰基本一致,可识别的官能团主要是醇羟基、多元醇及缔合羟基,甲基亚甲基,不饱和醛、脂肪烃链式饱和羧酸盐、烯烃,以及苯环取代;在160目—0.1mm的粒度范围内,指纹区验证更加准确,谱图峰型峰位以及峰面积更加准确,能够满足定量分析的要求。研究成果对研究煤不同粒度的宏观特性以及红外特征的定性分析具有重要的指导作用。     

土壤污染程度分析及迁移规律的优化模型

本文根据题中给出的已知数据,对城区五个功能区的8种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的浓度及分布范围,利用matlab软件中插值计算法和绘图功能,绘出了重金属元素在该城区的空间分布图．再运用变异系数值法初步估算出了每个功能区8种元素的变异系数值分析功能区重金属浓度超标情况,进而选用地累积指数法作优化模型,定量分析该城区内不同区域重金属的污染程度．根据采样的现有数据,分析了重金属在土壤中的传播特性,分析了重金属污染物在进入土壤环境系统后的迁移规律,阐述了土壤中重金属传播规律．     

Kinematically complete final state investigations of molecular photodissociation: two- and three-body decay of laser-prepared H 3 3 s ? 2 A 1 '

We have performed kinematically complete investigations of molecular photodissociation of triatomic hydrogen in a fast beam translational spectrometer recently built in Freiburg. The apparatus allows us to investigate laser-induced dissociation of neutral molecules into two, three, or more neutral products. The fragments are detected in coincidence and their vectorial momenta in the center-of-mass frame are determined. We demonstrate the potential of the method at the fragmentation of the 3 s ² A ₁ ^′ ( N = 1, K = 0) state of triatomic hydrogen. In this state, three-body decay into ground state hydrogen atoms H+H+H, two-body predissociation into H+H ₂ (v , J), and photoemission to the H ₃ ground state surface with subsequent two-body decay are competing channels. In the case of two-body predissociation, we determine the rovibrational population in the H ₂ (v , J) fragment. The vibrational distribution of H ₂ is compared with approximate theoretical predictions. For three-body decay, we measure the six-fold differential photodissociation cross-section. To determine accurate final state distributions, the geometric collection efficiency of the apparatus is calculated by a Monte Carlo simulation, and the raw data are corrected for apparatus efficiency. The final state momentum distribution shows pronounced correlation patterns which are characteristic for the dissociation mechanism. For a three-body decay process with a discrete kinetic energy release we have developed a novel data reduction procedure based on the detection of two fragments. The final state distribution determined by this independent method agrees extremely well with that observed in the triple-coincidence data. In addition, this method allows us to fully explore the phase space of the final state and to determine the branching ratios between the two- and three-body decay processes. Received 29 March 2001     

边界条件对生物组织漫射光时域模拟计算的影响

采用蒙特卡洛方法与漫射近似相结合的杂合算法,在不同的边界条件下(零边界条件、外延边界条件、部分流边界条件),对板状生物组织模型的漫射光的时域分布进行了计算,计算结果表明:采用外延边界条件,在保证计算精度的基础上,和单纯的蒙特卡洛方法相比,较大地提高了运算速度.