High resolution laser induced fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of jet-cooled terrylene

High resolution laser induced fluorescence excitation spectra upon absorption in the A¹B_3u ← X¹A_g band of jet-cooled terrylene have been recorded. Precise energies of three vibronic transitions are deduced. Low lying vibrations are found in both electronic states. Rotational constants in ground and excited state are determined by band contour analysis. Terrylene is a medium-size polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a possible carrier of diffuse interstellar bands (DIB). The results of the jet experiments are discussed regarding the PAH-DIB hypothesis.     

铁(Ⅲ)的硅胶H相反射散射光度法研究

本文提出了胡椒基荧光酮 (PIF)硅胶H相反射散射光度法测定铁的新方法。在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵的存在下 ,PIF与铁 (Ⅲ )形成稳定的蓝色配合物并且能被硅胶H吸附 ,其最大反射散射吸收波长位于 6 4 0nm ,铁 (Ⅲ )的浓度在 0～ 2 5ng·mL- 1 范围内呈线性关系 ,方法用于氧化镁中微量铁的测定 ,结果满意。     

In situ measurements of surface impedance and absorption coefficients of porous materials using two microphones and ambient noise

An in situ measurement method is proposed for obtaining the normal surface impedance and absorption coefficient of porous materials using two microphones located close to the material without a specific sound source such as a loudspeaker. Ambient environmental noise that does not excite distinct modes in the sound field is employed as the sound source. Measurements of the normal surface impedance of glass wool and rockwool have been made using this method in various sound fields. The repeatability and wide applicability of the method are demonstrated by comparing results of measurements in one room with different noise conditions and in three other environments (corridor, cafeteria and terrace). The assumed diffuse nature of the sound field on the material is validated by using absorption characteristics obtained experimentally at oblique incidence. This method allows simple and efficient in situ measurements of absorption characteristics of materials in a diffuse field.     

Investigation of structures and properties of cyclic peptide nanotubes by experiment and molecular dynamics

In order to investigate the structures and properties of cyclic peptide nanotubes of cyclo[(-D: -Phe-L: -Ala)( n = 3,4,5,6)-], cyclo[(-D: -Phe-L: -Ala)( n = 4)-] was synthesized and self-assembled to nanotubes, and its structure and morphology of the nanotube were characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the basis of these experimental results, the structures of cyclo[(-D: -Phe-L: -Ala)( n = 3,4,5,6)-] were characterized by molecular dynamics. In addition, the motion behaviors of H(2)O molecules in nanotubes were investigated by molecular dynamics using a COMPASS force field. Experimental results show that cyclo[(-D: -Phe-L: -Ala)( n = 4)-] peptides self-assemble into nanotube bundles. Molecular modeling results indicate that cyclic peptide nanotubes with n = 3, 4, 5 and 6 are very stable; these nanotubes have internal diameters of 5.9 A, 8.1 A, 10.8 A and 13.1 A and outer diameters of 18.2 A, 21.7 A, 23.4 A and 25.9 A respectively. Modeling results demonstrate that H(2)O molecules move in cooperation in single nanotube and they diffuse in one dimension, but they did not diffuse unilaterally due to the antiparallel ring stacking arrangement.     

Octadecylsilane-modified silicas in the adsorption of toluene

A series of octadecylsilane-modified silicas were prepared by sol-gel and grafting methods. Carbon contents and octadecyl chain conformations were shown to depend on the preparative route. Grafting engenders a low carbon content and a liquid-like chain conformation, while the sol-gel method affords a much higher carbon content and a crystalline conformation. The relationships between the toluene adsorption of the hybrid silicas and their chain conformations, their carbon contents and their textural characteristics are discussed. These sorbents, when used in combination with ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV DRS), can be employed as a rapid screening method for detection of aromatic compounds in water and air environmental matrices. Figure Octadecylsilane-modified silicas in the adsorption of toluene     

Chemometric determination of arsenic and lead in untreated powdered red paprika by diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy

It has been evaluated the potential of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) as a way for non-destructive measurement of trace elements at μg kg⁻¹ level in foods, with neither physical nor chemical pre-treatment. Predictive models were developed using partial least-square (PLS) multivariate approaches based on first-order derivative spectra. A critical comparison of two spectral pre-treatments, multiplicative signal correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) was also made. The PLS models built after using SNV provided the best prediction results for the determination of arsenic and lead in powdered red paprika samples. Relative root-mean-square error of prediction (RRMSEP) of 23% for both metals, arsenic and lead, were found in this study using 20 well characterized samples for calibration and 13 additional samples as validation set. Results derived from this study showed that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with the appropriate chemometric tools could be considered as an useful screening tool for a rapid determination of As and Pb at concentration level of the order of hundred μg kg⁻¹.     

Characterization of estuarine sediments by near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

It has been developed a partial least squares near infrared (PLS-NIR) method for the determination of estuarine sediment physicochemical parameters. The method was based on the chemometric treatment of first order derivative reflectance spectra obtained from samples previously lyophilized and sieved through a lower than 63 μm grid. Spectra were scanned from 833 to 2976 nm, averaging 36 scans per spectrum at a resolution of 8 cm⁻¹, using chromatographic glass vials of 9.5 mm internal diameter as measurement cells. Models were built using reference data of 31 samples selected through the use of a hierarchical cluster analysis of NIR spectra of sediments obtained from the Ria de Arousa estuary and prediction parameters were established from a validation set of 50 samples of the same area. pH, redox potential (Eh), carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H) content together with Sn, Pb, Cd, As, Sb and total Cr and also acid soluble, reducible and oxidable Cr fractions were employed as characteristic parameters of the studied sediments. Standard error of prediction values for C and N content were of the order of 4 and 1.3 mg g⁻¹ for H. Prediction errors for pH and Eh were 0.15 units and 37 mV, respectively, thus indicating the good prediction capabilities of the method. Regarding trace metal concentrations PLS-NIR provided prediction error levels for unknown samples around 20% for Sn, Pb, As and Sb and root mean square errors of prediction around 40% for concentration levels of 400 ng g⁻¹ Cd and 100 μg g⁻¹ Cr. For the different extractable fractions of Cr the residual prediction deviation varied from 1.3 to 1.7 but relative errors found for samples of the validation set were only useful for screening purposes.     

高光谱检测复杂混合溶液的Monte Carlo仿真研究

为了克服传统光谱检测复杂混合溶液的分析方法中光谱重叠严重、信噪比低的缺点,本工作提出将高光谱法引入复杂混合溶液的检测。因为高光谱法可以利用多模式光子所携带的被测物质多种光学性质的信息进行溶液成分含量分析,与传统光谱检测方法仅利用被测物质单一吸收特性的变化相比,高光谱法同时还可利用空间信息增加光谱信号的信噪比,提高建模精度和可靠性。为了验证高光谱检测复杂混合溶液的可行性,本工作利用Monte Carlo模拟了脂肪乳Intralipid-墨水Ink模型在650～1 100nm范围内漫反射光强的分布情况,得到了复杂混合溶液的漫反射光强分布随波长变化有明显区别的现象,证明了高光谱法能够同时利用被测物质多种光学特性(如吸收、散射、各向异性因子)随波长变化的关系提高光谱信号的信噪比,有望显著增强对复杂混合溶液成分的分析能力。     

鲜红斑痣光动力治疗中皮肤光谱特点的变化

尝试利用漫反射光谱和荧光光谱检测鲜红斑痣皮肤在光动力治疗中的变化特点,用于分析治疗中组织光学特性的变化,指导光剂量的制定.在光动力治疗中,采用微型光纤光谱仪监测PWS皮肤的漫反射光谱和荧光光谱,结合PWS结构特点以及皮肤中主要吸光基团的吸收光谱,分析术中、术后相关组织成分变化及对应的光学特性变化.PDT治疗中PWS皮肤...     

几种不同产地高岭土的漫反射傅里叶红外光谱分析

分别采用压片法与漫反射法测得几种不同产地高岭土的红外吸收谱图,解析了各高岭土的结构特征与吸收峰值的关系,发现利用漫反射傅里叶红外光谱技术,经K-M函数校正的红外谱图较压片法灵敏度高,也更准确,解析更简单;依据对高频区3700～3600cm-1波数段高岭石OH基特征吸收峰的吸收情况,可快速判断高岭石结晶度,结果与X射线衍射技术所测Hinckley指数(Hi)一致。