核磁共振陀螺多层磁屏蔽系统优化设计

核磁共振陀螺是目前世界上体积最小的导航级陀螺。由于核磁共振陀螺通过探测原子核的宏观磁化在静磁场中的进动频率来测量载体的角速度,为获得高精度与大动态范围,需要确保静磁场的稳定性,防止外部磁场的干扰,所以必须对核磁共振陀螺进行磁屏蔽。从核磁共振陀螺磁屏蔽原理出发,通过数学计算和计算机仿真,分析和研究了多层磁屏蔽罩结构参数对磁屏蔽系数的影响,并对核磁共振陀螺磁屏罩进行了优化设计。设计的多层磁屏蔽罩磁屏蔽系数达到了106,满足核磁共振陀螺的使用需求。该工作为核磁共振陀螺仪的整体设计和制造提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

商用飞机撞击核电站屏蔽厂房数值模拟

为研究大型商用飞机撞击核电站屏蔽厂房的毁伤特性,建立了Boeing 767商用飞机和双钢板混凝土屏蔽厂房的有限元模型,模拟两者的相互撞击作用过程,得到飞机不同部位(机身、发动机)对屏蔽厂房的撞击力时程曲线,对每一个作用部分给出简化撞击力曲线和作用面积,确定了撞击力分布形式。结果分析表明:飞机轴向网格尺寸对撞击力影响较大;屏蔽厂房被撞击部位变形明显,其他区域变形较小;撞击速度对撞击作用时间影响较小,而对结构响应位移影响很大,撞击力合力随着撞击速度的降低迅速下降。     

泥水平衡盾构机掘进并行数值模拟方法研究

以某大型越江隧道工程为背景,建立该工程场地土层的大规模三维非线性数值模型。同时基于共享内存式并行计算平台(SMP),利用刚度迁移法,完成了泥水平衡盾构机逐步掘进百米长距离,并穿越大堤这一复杂力学过程的大规模数值模拟。为模拟泥水平衡盾构机掘进各施工阶段,不同施工因素之间的复杂力学作用关系,提出了对各施工因素模拟的简化方法。具体包括:开挖面泥水压力对前方土体的作用、盾构机机头的超挖、盾构机机身对土体的作用、盾尾注浆材料的时空变化特性、盾构机后方百米长拖车对已铺成隧道的作用等施工因素。通过对计算结果与工程试验段实测数据对比验证的基础上,预测了地表沉降在盾构机掘进过程中的变化规律。通过对SMP并行计算平台下盾构法施工数值模型之并行计算效率的对比研究,给出了各并行算法的加速比、计算效率以及接触模型对并行计算效率的影响关系。     

铝合金Whipple防护结构高速撞击实验研究

为了掌握航天器防护结构受空间碎片高速撞击的损伤破坏模式及其防护性能,采用二级轻气炮发射球形弹丸,对铝合金Whipple防护结构进行高速撞击实验研究。根据实验结果分析了铝合金Whipple防护结构的防护屏和舱壁在不同速度区间的损伤模式特征,以及薄铝板防护屏高速撞击穿孔和舱壁弹坑分布随弹丸直径、弹丸撞击速度变化的规律。通过固定弹丸直径,改变弹丸撞击速度,寻找临界撞击速度的方法获得了铝合金Whipple防护结构在0.5~5.5 km/s撞击速度区间内的撞击极限曲线,并与由Christiansen撞击极限方程得到的撞击极限曲线进行了比较,结果表明,实验最小临界弹丸直径略大于预测值。     

盾构法隧道模型试验中的相似关系

盾构法是在软土中建造隧道常用的施工法．讨论其模型试验和实物之间的转换问题．根据Goodier理论建立相似关系,考虑了土体的黏弹塑性性质和大变形问题,包括推进压、推进速度、出土量、土体损失率、以及注浆量等施工参数对地层移动的影响．给出的公式可用于盾构法隧道的实验设计和数据分析．     

滨海软土地层机械法联络通道施工影响监测分析

机械法联络通道T接施工技术是一种施工软土地区地铁联络通道的新型工法, 具有全程机械化、施工周期短、可直接切削主隧道和洞口等优点. 以宁波地铁3号线某联络通道工程为研究对象, 通过监测分析研究新工法对周围地层、主隧道结构等的施工影响. 结果表明: 受交叉施工影响, 联络通道纵向靠近主隧道的地表沉降较大, 靠近联络通道中央影响较小; 横向中心位置地表沉降较大, 两侧影响较小; 主隧道结构沉降及隧道断面收敛变形较小; 顶推过程对周围地层影响明显, 但水平地面受影响较小, 表明地层总体沉降量小, 基本可控. 此外, 采用peck曲线和高斯曲线分别描述纵横向地面沉降的变化特征, 采用回归分析确定了沉降曲线参数, 与实际监测结果相比, 两者拟合良好.     

单晶炉导流筒、热屏及炭毡对单晶硅生长影响的优化模拟

在CZ法生长太阳能级单晶硅中,单晶炉的导流筒、热屏和炭毡对晶体生长有很大影响.通过对上述三个部件进行改进优化,并通过数值模拟对优化前后晶体和熔体的热场、热屏外表面与石英坩埚内壁面之间的氩气流场以及晶体中的热应力进行分析,得出以下结论:石墨导流筒的引入减少了炉体上部的氩气流动涡胞,进而减少了SiO在单晶炉上部的沉积;优化后的热屏减少了加热器对晶体的烘烤,使结晶速率加快;优化后的侧壁炭毡阻止了加热器向上部的热损失.优化后在加热器功耗不变时,结晶速率至少可提高35;,而不增加宏观位错的发生概率.     

Stepped side shield writer for perpendicular recording

To increase the track density in hard disk drive (HDD), the write head fringing field should be controlled. The side shield is one of the candidates to reduce the fringing stray field. Although the wrap-around type [K. Nakamoto, et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 41(10) (2005) 2914] and many other side shield structures [Y. Kanai, et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 39(4) (2003) 1955; D.T. Wilton, D.J. Mapps, IEEE Trans. Magn. 29 (1993) 4182] were proposed, these side shield structures have a trade-off between the track edge field sharpness and the maximum write field strength on the center track. In this paper, we propose the new side shield writer called the stepped side shield (3S) head. The 3S head satisfies both the on-track write field strength and reduction of the adjacent track stray field. The track edge field sharpness is much improved especially in the high skew angle recording. We studied the 3S head effect by the statistic field simulation.     

Diffuse Optical Tomography using Time-resolved Photon Path Distribution

Our research goal is to develop diffuse optical tomography (DOT) capable of quantitative measurement. Information on optical pathlength is essential for reconstructing images with quantitative properties, and we have performed image reconstruction with a simulation model using a time-resolved photon path distribution (time-resolved PPD). The results showed that a DOT image reconstruction algorithm using this PPD is effective in quantifying the absorbers in a scattering medium such as human tissue. This algorithm uses a photon distribution independent of absorption by simply assuming that the measurement object is homogeneous, which means that PPD needs to be calculated only once. Our technique is therefore applicable to short-time imaging of measurement objects for which absorption changes flatness such as that in human tissue.     

（n,xnγ）反应截面测量的实验本底改进研究

瞬发γ射线法测量（n,xnγ）反应截面实验中,在线的实验本底对测量结果影响显著,是影响测量结果的关键因素。为了达到降低在线实验本底一个量级的目标,通过蒙特卡罗模拟程序给出了屏蔽体和准直器的改进方案,最终选取的屏蔽方案:在原有屏蔽体上加厚30 cm（C₂H₄）n+9 cmPb,原屏蔽墙加厚54 cm重混凝土,再在屏蔽体和屏蔽墙上共同加厚2 cm厚的铅（Pb）;准直孔开孔形状在圆柱形、圆锥形和对称双锥形这三种方案中准直效果和能量单一性方面对称双锥形准直孔最好。在屏蔽体改造完成后,利用尺寸为φ5.08cm×5.08 cm型液体闪烁体探测器（BC501）测量了改造后距准直孔右方径向距离70 cm处透射出来的中子和γ射线的相对强度,在扣除无束流天然本底后,有束流的中子本底降低了7.75倍,γ本底降低了38.5倍,改造效果达到了测量要求。In the experiment of measuring (n,xnγ) reaction cross section with prompt γ ray method, the experiment background has a significant influence on the result and is the key factor. In order to achieve the goal of reducing a certain amount of the experiment background, the improvement scheme of shield and collimator was given through Monte Carlo method and the shielding scheme was finally selected: add 30 cm(C₂H₄)n+9 cm Pb on the original shield, 54 cm heavy concrete on the original shield wall and then 2 cm thick lead(Pb) on the shield and shield wall. The collimation effect and energy uniformity of symmetrical double cone collimation hole are the best among cylindrical, conical, and symmetrical double cone. After the completion of the transformation of shield, the relative intensities of the transmitted neutron and γ rays from the 70 cm in right radial of the transformed collimation hole were measured with ?5.08 cm×5.08 cm type liquid scintillator detector(BC501). After deducting the natural background of no beam current, the neutron background of the beam current is reduced by 7.75 times and the γ background is reduced by 38.5 times, which meets the requirement.