ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL ROCK SAMPLES UNDER TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION

为了研究煤样在不同围压下的声发射及分形特征,利用RMT-150C 型岩石力学伺服试验系统和CDAE-1 型声发射检测仪对煤样试样在不同围压（5MPa,10MPa,15MPa） 进行了实验研究. 对煤样试样的声发射计数和累计计数以及声发射序列的分形特征进行了对比研究. 研究结果表明：不同围压下煤样的声发射特性具有一定的差异性,围压越高前兆信息越明显. 不同围压下煤样都具有分形特征,随着围压的增大,分形特征有所增强. 煤样在失稳破坏过程中声发射序列的分形维值都会出现一个波动-上升-突降的过程,提出可以作为煤样体失稳破坏的前兆信息.     

Restoration of rotational symmetry in deformed relativistic mean-field theory

We report on a very recently developed three-dimensional angular momentum projected relativistic mean-field theory with point-coupling interaction (3DAMP+RMF-PC). Using this approach the same effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is adopted to describe both the single-particle and collective motions in nuclei. Collective states with good quantum angular momentum are built projecting out the intrinsic deformed meanfield states. Results for 24Mg are shown as an illustrative application.     

Formation Mechanism of Triaxial Superdeformed Nucleus ^160Yb

By using Total Routhian Surface （TRS） method the deformation of the nucleus ^160Yb
is studied. The result shows that the triaxial superdeformed state exists with deformation parameters ε2 = 0.38 and γ = 21°, where proton shell correction energy plays a key role, and the sum of two quasi-proton particle energies gives an additional driving effect. The rotational energy also has an additional role in the formation of triaxial superdeformed.     

Chiral doublet bands and energy-level crossing

Different definitions for chiral doublet bands based on excitation energies, B(E2) and B(M1) respectively are discussed in the triaxial particle rotor model. For the ideal chiral geometry, the selection rules of the electromagnetic transitions in different band definitions are illustrated. It is also shown that the energy-level crossings between chiral doublet bands may occur.     

Modeling of clarified tropical fruit juice deacidification by electrodialysis

Electrodialysis (ED) using two-stack configurations with homopolar or bipolar membranes was investigated for deacidification of tropical fruit juices (passion fruit, mulberry, naranjilla). The objective was to develop a mathematical treatment for ED to predict the behavior of a fruit juice at industrial scale from ED performances at laboratory scale. From parameters such as current efficiency, electric resistance of the anion exchange membrane, and coefficients of variation with temperature determined in a laboratory-scale stack, modeling was applied to a pilot-scale stack that has a total effective membrane area 70 times larger. If no fouling took place, and except for conductivity at pH higher than 3.8, the differences between the experimental and simulated values for pH, titrable acidity, voltage, and energy consumption were inferior to 7%, 16%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, for all the fruit juices and operating conditions. Moreover, the average electrical charge of citric acid species transferred was 2.16 for all fruit juices, indicating that the current transport was mainly due to the ionic species issued from the secondary dissociation of the citric acid.     

Triaxial dynamics in the quadrupole-deformed rotor

The triaxial dynamics of the quadrupole-deformed rotor model of both the rigid and the irrotational type are investigated in detail. The results indicate that level patterns of the two types of model can be matched with each other to the leading order of the deformation parameter β. In particular, it is found that the dynamical structure of the irrotational type with most triaxial deformation(γ = 30?) is equivalent to that of the rigid type with oblate deformation(γ = 60?), and the associated spectrum can be classified into the standard rotational bands obeying the rotational L(L+1)-law or regrouped into a new ground- and γ-band with odd–even staggering in the newγ-band, commonly recognized as a signature of the triaxiality. The differences between the two types of the model in this case are emphasized, especially in the E2 transitional characteristics.     

微波辐射法制备Cu-SSZ-13催化剂及其对柴油车尾气NOx的脱除

采用微波辐射法和传统水热法分别制备了Cu-SSZ-13催化剂,用于柴油车尾气NO_x的脱除.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂物理吸脱附、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对样品进行表征.结果表明,微波辐射法大大缩短了SSZ-13分子筛的晶化时间,晶化9 h制得样品的结晶度与传统水热法晶化72 h制得样品的结晶度相近,同时孔结构参数也得到了一定程度的改善,微波辐射法制备样品的Brönsted(B)酸性位和Lewis(L)酸性位增多,活性组分铜的负载量也得到显著的提高,使得微波辐射法制备的催化剂呈现出优异的低温活性和水热稳定性.     

Gammasphere上裂变丰中子核核结构若干前沿领域的新进展(Ⅱ:第三和第四部分)(英文)

使用Gammasphere多探测器系统对252Cf裂变源瞬发γ射线进行γ-γ-γ和γ-γ(θ)符合测量,A～100(Z～40,N56)丰中子核区关于形状过渡、形状共存和形状突变的深入研究获得了新的进展。奇-Z核的系统研究揭示了从Z=39(Y)同位素的轴对称大四极形变到Z=43(Tc),44(Ru)和45(Rh)同位素中具有中等四极形变之大三轴形变的过渡。Nb(Z=41)同位素具有过渡核的特征。根据邻近同位素和同中素带交叉信息的系统性及推转壳模型(CSM)计算,Tc和Rh偶-N同位素中观察到的带交叉产生于一对h11/2中子的转动顺排。首次观察到100Nb(Z=41,N=59)的高自旋能级纲图和形变态,从而证实了100Nb中的形状共存,并确认,在Nb同位素链上,基态形状突变发生于N=58(球形)到N=59(大形变);而在Sr(Z=38),Y(Z=39)和Zr(Z=40)各同位素链上,基态形状突变均发生于N=59(球形)到N=60(大形变)。100Nb具有大形变基态,同现有理论预言相矛盾,其大形变的基态及转动带所具有的很大的和不规则的转动惯量具有重要的理论意义。对奇-质子Cs(Z=55)和La(Z=57)丰中子同位素八极激发的详细研究,发现了141,143,144Cs同位素链上电二极矩D0随中子数增加而减小的急剧变化,此前在145,147La中观察到的电二极矩D0的较缓和的减小似乎亦很陡地下延至148La。在Cs和La同位素中观察到的电二极矩D0的急剧下降很可能同偶-质子核146Ba和224Ra中观察到的电二极矩D0的急剧下降相类似,后者已获反射非对称平均场壳修正理论的成功解释。实验证明,141Cs具有很大电二极矩D0。141Cs和142Xe中观测到的很大的电二极矩D0和仅在141Cs中观察到的电二极矩D0的simplex量子数相关性需要进一步的理论研究。根据转动频率比值ω-(I)/ω+(I)的检定,同Xe同位素一样,认定Cs同位素中包括号143Cs的八极激发为八极振动,而在La同位素中存在八极形变。     

粒料固有各向异性的离散元模拟与细观分析

料在摊铺后形成的颗粒定向排列将导致其力学性质的固有各向异性. 依据粒料的实际不规则形状, 构建了可模拟粒间咬合嵌挤作用的三维离散元复杂形状颗粒; 生成了5 种不同沉积方向的各向异性试件和1种各向同性试件, 对比了各试件在三轴压缩试验中的宏观力学特性差异; 引入组构张量以量化各向异性程度, 利用玫瑰图表达接触法向与接触力的分布特征, 探究了粒料各向异性的细观发展规律. 结果表明: 颗粒长轴愈趋向水平排布, 峰值应力比愈大, 剪缩与剪胀程度愈明显; 相较于各向同性试件, 沉积角$\theta$为料在摊铺后形成的颗粒定向排列将导致其力学性质的固有各向异性. 依据粒料的实际不规则形状, 构建了可模拟粒间咬合嵌挤作用的三维离散元复杂形状颗粒; 生成了5 种不同沉积方向的各向异性试件和1种各向同性试件, 对比了各试件在三轴压缩试验中的宏观力学特性差异; 引入组构张量以量化各向异性程度, 利用玫瑰图表达接触法向与接触力的分布特征, 探究了粒料各向异性的细观发展规律. 结果表明: 颗粒长轴愈趋向水平排布, 峰值应力比愈大, 剪缩与剪胀程度愈明显; 相较于各向同性试件, 沉积角$\theta$为$0^\circ$时, 峰值应力比和最大体积压缩应变分别提高了12.6\%和18.8\%, 其原因在于加载过程中颗粒旋转和滑动百分比更小, 内部调整时间更短、更易被剪密; 固有各向异性对颗粒法向接触力分布的影响不大, 但显著影响接触法向分布特征; 剪切过程中, $\theta$为$90^\circ$时的接触法向各向异性系数先快速减小后逐渐增大, 而$\theta$为$0^\circ$到$60^\circ$时则呈现出增大后稍有回落或趋于稳定的趋势, 且$\theta$ 愈小的试件各向异性系数增大愈快.     

三向受力条件下淡水冰破坏准则研究

为了更清楚地认识含冰冻结壁力学特性、解决复杂冰岩耦合问题以及给冰工程设计和数值仿真分析提供参数,有必要对冰在三向受力条件下的力学特性进行深入研究.以内蒙古自治区东胜煤田石拉乌素矿立井井筒建设为背景,参考现场水文地质资料在室内制作相似冰样,利用TDW-200低温冻土试验机,进行了4组温度和7组围压的人工淡水柱状冰三轴压缩强度试验,加载速率为0.5 mm/min,加载方向垂直于冰的晶轴方向.结果表明:在恒定温度条件下,柱状冰随围压增大塑性增强,而恒定围压条件下,柱状冰随温度降低脆性增强;在试验温度范围内,淡水柱状冰和多晶冰强度均随围压、温度升高而增大,但同条件下柱状冰强度高于多晶冰;采用D-A模型、Teardrop模型解释了高压下偏应力与围压之间的非线性关系,从不同角度对拟合得到的破坏准则综合考虑,认为D-A准则更适合用于描述淡水冰的破坏特征.研究结果可为后期同条件冰-岩耦合、数值模拟研究提供参考.