岩石多轴与常规三轴强度的关系

在各向异性应力状态下,岩石强度的中间主应力效应已被很多的试验所证实.基于真三轴试验结果和多轴强度准则,研究了同一中间主应力系数下岩石的多轴强度与常规三轴强度之间的关系.结果表明,在相同的中间主应力系数下,岩石的多轴与常规三轴的强度曲线具有相同的形式.对于常规三轴强度特征符合Mohr-Coulomb准则的岩石,中间主应力...     

真三轴应力状态下岩石损伤本构模型

从岩石微元破坏服从Weibull 随机分布的特点出发,建立了真三轴应力状态下岩石损伤软化统计本构关系;根据应力应变关系的几何条件,建立了本构模型参数与岩石变形过程中应力应变曲线特征参量的理论关系,从而增强了模型的适应性;最后通过试验实测数据验证了模型的合理性.     

深部软岩新型相似模拟材料的研制

在总结以往相似模拟材料特点的基础上,结合深部软岩强度、变形特征,本着相似材料组分简单、模型制作便捷等原则,研制了仅以河砂为骨料,松香酒精溶液为粘结剂的深部软岩新型相似模拟材料。通过对不同配比试样进行单、三轴压缩、巴西劈裂试验,获得了不同配比条件下该相似模拟材料的强度、变形、破坏特征。研究表明,通过简单的配比调配,该相似模拟材料可以较好地模拟深部大多类型的软岩,且具有组分简单、模型制作便捷、力学性能稳定、无毒无污染、价格低廉、一定程度上可重复利用等特点。     

Time-dependent Diffusion Coefficient and Conventional Diffusion Constant of Nanoparticles in Polymer Melts by Mode-coupling Theory (cited: 2)

Time-dependent diffusion coefficient and conventional diffusion constant are calculated and analyzed to study diffusion of nanoparticles in polymer melts. A generalized Langevin equa-tion is adopted to describe the diffusion dynamics. Mode-coupling theory is employed to calculate the memory kernel of friction. For simplicity, only microscopic terms arising from binary collision and coupling to the solvent density fluctuation are included in the formalism. The equilibrium structural information functions of the polymer nanocomposites required by mode-coupling theory are calculated on the basis of polymer reference interaction site modelwith Percus-Yevick closure. The effect of nanoparticle size and that of the polymer size are clarified explicitly. The structural functions, the friction kernel, as well as the diffusion coefficient show a rich variety with varying nanoparticle radius and polymer chain length. We find that for small nanoparticles or short chain polymers, the characteristic short time non-Markov diffusion dynamics becomes more prominent, and the diffusion coefficient takes longer time to approach asymptotically the conventional diffusion constant. This constant due to the microscopic contributions will decrease with the increase of nanoparticle size, while increase with polymer size. Furthermore, our result of diffusion constant from mode-coupling theory is compared with the value predicted from the Stokes-Einstein relation. It shows that the microscopic contributions to the diffusion constant are dominant for small nanoparticles or long chain polymers. Inversely, when nanonparticle is big, or polymer chain is short, the hydrodynamic contribution might play a significant role.     

黑豆和牵牛子红外光谱的分析与鉴定

种子类中药材黑豆和牵牛子都含有大量的油脂和蛋白质,因此两种药材的一维红外光谱极其相似,为了区别科属不同的两种药材,采用红外光谱三级鉴定法对黑豆和牵牛子进行分析鉴定。经典红外光谱中,黑豆和牵牛子均有1 745 cm-1表征油脂类的特征吸收峰,以及1 656和1 547 cm-1表征蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带的特征吸收峰。其中油脂特征吸收峰与蛋白质特征吸收峰的相对高度不同,说明二者的相对含量不同。同时,一维红外光谱对两种中药材主体成分的分析结果,即含有大量的油脂和蛋白质,与文献所报道的一致。在二阶导数红外光谱中,牵牛子中存在1 712 cm-1属于有机酸类的特征吸收峰,然而黑豆中却没有此吸收峰的存在。此外导数光谱中两种药材峰形和峰强度的差别更为明显。二维相关红外光谱中,黑豆和牵牛子自动峰的峰位置和峰强度等均具有显著差异。在1 500~1 700 cm-1波数范围内,黑豆有2个明显自动峰,牵牛子有3个明显的自动峰。在2 800~3 000 cm-1波数范围内,黑豆和牵牛子均有2个强自动峰,但最强自动峰的位置不同。运用红外光谱三级鉴定法,可以更直接快速简便的分辨出主体成分相同的两种种子类中药材,为今后的研究打下基础。     

YIELD CRITERION IN PLASTIC-DAMAGE MODELS FOR CONCRETE

<正>A class of plastic-damage models for concrete require an unambiguous definition of cohesion in the yield criteria.For this reason,the Lubliner yield criterion has been adopted by many investigators and the commercial FE program Abaqus.As is well known,this criterion has achieved great success especially in plane stress states.In this paper,we are trying to extend it to triaxial compression stress states.First,a major limitation of the Lubliner criterion is analyzed. Then,a revised version of the Lubliner criterion is proposed,which shows appropriate properties over a wide range of stress states often encountered in engineering structures,and the predicted failure envelopes fit well with experimental data.For the concrete damaged plasticity model in Abaqus,a calibration strategy is suggested for uniformly confined concrete.     

循环荷载作用下饱和粘土中的有效应力原理的实验研究

有效应力原理是土力学中的经典理论,在土动力学中,有效应力原理的应用基本上是沿用土静力学中的方法,即通过建立合理的孔压模式,利用有效应力原理对土体的破坏进行分析。但是通过动三轴试验发现,在动三轴不固结不排水试验中,整个试验过程中孔压不发生变化,土体强度却发生了明显的衰减。这种现象利用有效应力原理无法得到合理的解释。针对这种现象,本文建议引入损伤变量D,作为反映土体结构变化的参数,对有效应力原理进行修正。经过修正后的有效应力原理反映了在循环荷载作用下,循环扰动造成的结构损伤对有效应力的影响,可以合理地解释动力作用下土体中孔压和有效应力相互转换,以及土体强度衰减的原因。     

Description of Properties of Triaxial Superdeformed Bands in Odd-A Lu Isotopes

Properties of the triaxial superdeformed （TSD） bands of odd-A Lu isotopes are investigated systematically within the supersymmetry scheme including many-body interactions and a perturbation possessing the S0（5） （or SU（5）） symmetry on the rotational symmetry. Quantitatively good results of the γ-ray energies, the dynamical moments of inertia and the spin of the TSD bands in odd-A Lu isotopes are obtained. The calculation shows that the competition between the pairing and anti-pairing effects exists in these TSD bands. Meanwhile, the SU（3） symmetry in TSD bands are broken more seriously than in superdeformed （SD） bands.     

A comparison of ultrasound-augmented and conventional leaching of silver from sintering dust using acidic thiourea

In the process of steel manufacture, up to ten millions of tons of sintering dust (SD) are produced annually in China, which contain noble metals such as Ag. Therefore, recovery of silver (Ag) from SD could be a potential economic and environmental activity. The purpose of this article is to generate information about reaction kinetics of silver leaching with thiourea from SD, comparing the conventional and ultrasonic-augment leaching. The effects of various control parameters such as the ultrasound power, particle size, leaching temperature and thiourea concentration on leaching rate of silver were studied. The results showed 89% silver recovery for conventional process against 95% for ultrasound assisted leaching. The ultrasonic wave increased the leaching rate and shorten the reaction time. The rate controlling step was analyzed using shrinking core model and the rate controlling step is identified to be the diffusion through the product layer in both conventional and ultrasonic-augment leaching processes. The activation energies were estimated to be 28.01 kJ/mol and 18.19 kJ/mol, and the reaction order were 0.89 and 0.71, respectively.     

Influencing factors and kinetics analysis on the leaching of iron from boron carbide waste-scrap with ultrasound-assisted method

In this paper, the ultrasound-assisted leaching of iron from boron carbide waste-scrap was investigated and the optimization of different influencing factors had also been performed. The factors investigated were acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio, leaching temperature, ultrasonic power and frequency. The leaching of iron with conventional method at various temperatures was also performed. The results show the maximum iron leaching ratios are 87.4%, 94.5% for 80 min-leaching with conventional method and 50 min-leaching with ultrasound assistance, respectively. The leaching of waste-scrap with conventional method fits the chemical reaction-controlled model. The leaching with ultrasound assistance fits chemical reaction-controlled model, diffusion-controlled model for the first stage and second stage, respectively. The assistance of ultrasound can greatly improve the iron leaching ratio, accelerate the leaching rate, shorten leaching time and lower the residual iron, comparing with conventional method. The advantages of ultrasound-assisted leaching were also confirmed by the SEM-EDS analysis and elemental analysis of the raw material and leached solid samples.