The MNDO-PM3 study of the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of the phenoxide anion for the nitro group in 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the gas phase and in polar solvents

The semi-empirical quantum chemical MNDO-PM3 calculations of the enthalpies of formation of Meisenheimerortho- andipso--complexes of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with the phenoxide anion in the gas phase and in water are performed within the framework of the point dipole model. Based on the calculated heats and activation barriers to substitution of the nitro group by the phenoxyl group in TNB and TNT, the possibility of the reactions of TNB and TNT with the phenoxide anion in water is shown. These reactions in water occurvia the S_NAr mechanism involving the correspondingipso--complex as an intermediate. In the gas phase, the S_NAr mechanism is impossible, because the reaction is strongly endothermic. In the case of TNT, the exothermic reaction of elimination of a proton from the methyl group by the phenoxide anion competes with nucleophilic substitution in a polar solvent. The activation energy calculated for this exothermic reaction is 8 kcal mol^–1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 624–628, April, 1995.     

2,4-二吡啶基方酸衍生物非线性光学性质的从头算研究

采用HF/4-31G方法优化分子几何构型,在此基础上用CPHF研究了系列2,4-二吡啶基方酸衍生物的二阶非线性光学系数βvec,并对影响βvec的因素进行了探讨.结果表明:此类化合物均有很大的βvec,它们的非线性光学性质与其分子结构有着密切的关系.     

Synthesis,Structure and Adsorption of AlPO-21 Prepared by Co-template Method

IntroductionAlPO 2 1isatypeofmicroporousaluminophosphatepreparedbyFlanigenandco workersin 1982 ,andthestructurewasresolvedbySmithetal.1in 1984 .AlmostatthesametimePariseetal.2 preparedAlPO 2 1phasebyanotherrouteandresolvedthestructureindependently .Inthenextyear ,GaPO 2 1phasewasobtainedaswell.3Al thoughAl(Ga)PO 2 1phasespreparedindifferentwayspossesssimilarchannelsystem ,amongthemtherearestillsomedifferencesinlatticeconstants ,indicatingthatdiffer enttemplatemoleculescanaffectlocallythe…     

光度分析中协同系数补偿方法的研究──三次标准加入法同时测定钼、钨和钛

本文在两次标准加入法[1]的基础上，提出了三组份同时测定的三次标准加入法，并应用于钼、钨和钛的流动注射同时测定。测定条件：［水杨基荧光酮（SAF）］＝1．25　×10-4mol／L，［溴化＋六烷基三甲基铵（CTMAB）」＝2．5×10－3mol／L，pH1．35，25℃，采样、进样时间分别为10s和18s，进样频率128次／h。为消除组份间协同作用引起的吸光度加合性的偏离，定义了三组份协同系数。将其引入三组份同时测定方法，补偿了吸光度对线性的偏离。补偿后钼、钨和钛的测定范围分别为0．05～0．35，0．25～1．00，0．025～0．30mg／L。测定了钢样及模拟样品中钼、钨和钛含量，结果较好。     

Synthesis of Ultrafine SiC Powders from Carbon-Silica Hybridized Precursors with Carbothermic Reduction

Inorganic-organic hybrid gels were prepared by simultaneous condensation of the liquid mixture of ethyl silicate, ethyl borate and water soluble phenol resin with low molecular weight. The liquid mixtures were changed into lightly colored transparent gels after a catalyst addition and stirring. The obtained gels were crushed, dried and fired in controlled conditions to yield the inorganic precursors. Since the tailored inorganic precursors mainly consisted of SiO2 and carbon, silicon carbide was formed with the heat treatments in an Ar atmosphere beyond 1773 K with carbothermic reduction. The properties and morphology of the formed silicon carbide powders in terms of the starting precursor compositions and the conditions of the carbothermic reduction were investigated with SEM, XRD and TG-DTA analysis.     

粉末化学镀法制备的NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂对环丁烯砜加氢反应的催化性能

 采用诱导沉积法及粉末化学镀法分别制备了纯态NiB及负载型NiB／TiO2非晶态合金催化剂．用XRD，ICP，SEM，TEM和DSC等手段对催化剂的物性及TiO2载体与NiB非晶态合金之间的相互作用进行了表征，考察了非晶态合金的结构、组成、形貌和热稳定性，并将其用于环丁烯砜加氢反应中．结果表明，相对于NiB而言，NiB／TiO2催化剂具有优良的热稳定性和催化活性，这缘于NiB和TiO2载体之间的相互作用及载体的分散作用．     

APPLICATION OF THE MOMENT METHODS TO ANALYSIS OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION LINE PROFILE FOR PA1010-BMI SYSTEM

Pure X-ray diffraction profiles have been analysed for polyamide 1010 and PA1010--BMI system by means of multipeak fitting resolution of X-ray diffraction.The methods ofvariance and fourth moment have been applied to determine the particle size and strainvalues for theparacrystalline materials.The results indicated that both variance and fourthmoment of X-ray diffraction line profile yielded approximately the same values of theparticle size and the strain.The particle sizes of(100)reflection have been found todecrease with increasing BMI content,whereas the strain values increased.     

天然药物及制剂中微量元素硒的测定方法概况

硒是人体必需的微量元素，具有抗肿瘤、防衰老、防辐射和增强机体免疫力等多种功能。本文就国内近年来对天然药物及其制剂中微量元素硒的分析方法概况作一综述，包括：原子吸收分光光度法、荧光分光光度法、电感耦合等离了光谱法、催化分光光度法、分光光度法、化学发光淬灭法、极谱法、中子活化分析法和色谱法等。     

Thermal behavior of selected ferroelectric liquid crystals

Thermal properties of three ferroelectric liquid crystals, namely: 3-octyloxy-6-[2-fluor-4-(fluoroctyloxy)phenyl]-pyridine (FFP), 3-(3-fluor-nonyl)-6[4-heptyloxyphenyl]-pyridine (FNHPh-P), 4-[(S,S)-2,3-epoxyhexyloxy]phenyl 4-(decyloxy)benzoate (EHPhDB) were studied using heat flux differential scanning calorimetry method. All the transitions expected in this compounds, except the SmC^*-SmA^* and SmC^*-S₃ transitions, were detected in the DSC curves. The temperatures of the phase transitions and the enthalpy changes associated with them were determined. The transition from the liquid crystalline to the crystalline state showed significant hysteresis for all three compounds studied. The following transitions: SmA^*-Is, SmG^*-SmC^* for FNHPh-P, N^*-Is for EHPhDB, N^*-Is and SmC^*-N^* for FFP also showed a small hysteresis basing on which first-order character of all the above transitions was implied. All three substances studied in this work are characterized by a complex polymorphism in the solid state.The author is grateful to Dr. Stanislaw Wróbel for his stimulating interest, valuable discussions and supplying the samples. This work has been done in the framework of the KBN grant 2 P302 139 07.     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) in diesel fuel by high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode-array detection

An oxidation method (sulfone method) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) in diesel fuel is presented. The aromatic fraction of a diesel fuel, isolated by solid phase extraction, is oxidized under controlled conditions with hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation products, mainly methylated dibenzosulfone, are determined and quantified directly, without further clean-up, by HPLC with photodiode-array detection.