Mixed quark–gluon condensate at finite temperature and density in the global color symmetry model

We study the properties of mixed quark–gluon condensate at finite temperature and chemical potential in the framework of global color symmetry model. In comparing with the quark condensate, we confirm that both of these condensates give the same information about chiral phase transition. We also find that the ratio of these two condensates is insensitive to the temperature T and the chemical potential μ, which supports the conclusion obtained recently by the authors using quenched lattice QCD.     

Shape, facet evolution and photoluminescence of Ge islands capped with Si at different temperatures

We investigate the embedding of Ge islands in a Si matrix by means of atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The Ge islands were grown between 360°C and 840°C and subsequently capped with Si at different temperatures. For the highest Ge growth temperature (840°C), we show that the surface flattens at high Si capping temperatures while new facets can be identified at the island base for intermediate capping temperatures (650–450°C). At low capping temperatures (300–350°C), the island morphology is preserved. In contrast to the observed island shape changes, the decreasing Si capping temperature causes only a small redshift of the island related PL signal for islands grown on high temperatures. This redshift increases for Ge islands grown at lower temperatures due to an increased Ge content in the islands. By applying low-temperature capping (300°C) on the different island types, we show that the emission wavelength can be extended up to 2.06 μm for hut clusters grown at 400°C. Further decreasing of the island growth temperature to 360°C leads to a PL blueshift, which is explained by charge carrier confinement in Ge quantum dots.     

Polymer Dynamics in a Polymer-Solid Interphase: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of 1,4-Polybutadiene At a Graphite Surface

A chemically realistic model of 1,4-polybutadiene confined by graphite walls in a thin film geometry was studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The chemically realistic approach allows for a quantitative determination of a variety of experimentally accessible relaxation functions (e.g., dielectric, NMR, or neutron scattering responses). The simulations yield these experimental observables. Additionally, the simulations can be resolved as a function of distance to the solid interface on a much finer scale than experimentally possible, providing a detailed mechanistic picture of the segmental and large scale motions of polymers in the interfacial region between bulk polymer melts and solid walls. Extending the study of 1,4-polybutadiene on graphite to temperatures close to the glass transition temperature, we also address the question to what extent growing length scales associated with the glass transition influence the melt dynamics in the interphase. It was found that there is an interplay of this intrinsic slowing down with the adsorption/desorption kinetics of the chains close to the wall. It is argued that the monomer density changes near the wall can overcome the effect of rotational barriers only in a region of about 2 nm next to the wall.     

On the infrared behavior of Landau gauge Yang–Mills theory

We discuss the properties of ghost and gluon propagators in the deep infrared momentum region of Landau gauge Yang–Mills theory. Within the framework of Dyson–Schwinger equations and the functional renormalization group we demonstrate that it is only a matter of infrared boundary conditions whether infrared scaling or decoupling occurs. We argue that the second possibility is at odds with global BRST symmetry in the confining phase. For this purpose we improve upon existing truncation schemes in particular with respect to transversality and renormalization.     

Energy Spectrum of Bound-Spinons in the Quantum Ising Spin-Chain Ferromagnet

We study the excitation energy spectrum in the S=1/2 ferromagnetic Ising spin chain with the easy axis z in a magnetic field h={h _x ,0,h _z }. According to Wu and McCoy’s scenario of weak confinement, the fermionic spinon excitations (kinks), being free at h _z =0 in the ordered phase, are coupled into bosonic bound states at arbitrary small h _z >0. We calculate the energy spectrum of such excitations in the leading order in small h _z , using different perturbative methods developed for the similar problem in the Ising Field Theory.     

A methodology to assess the rate and pressure sensitivity of polymers over a wide range of strain rates

This paper details a methodology to test the mechanical response of soft, pressure sensitive materials, over a wide range of strain rates. A hybrid experimental-numerical procedure is used to assess the constitutive parameters. The experimental phase involves axial compression of a cylindrical specimen which is confined by a tightly-fit sleeve that is allowed to yield plastically, thus applying a constant confining pressure. The usually neglected frictional effects between the specimen and the sleeve are fully accounted for and characterized in detail. With commercial polycarbonate as a typical example, it is shown that pressure sensitivity and rate sensitivity are not coupled, thus reducing the number of tests needed to characterize a material. The results of numerical simulations indicate that the pressure sensitivity index (angle β in the Drucker-Prager material model) has little influence on the hydrostatic and confining pressures, whereas the equivalent stress sustained by the specimen increases with β, which for commercial polycarbonate is found to be β=15°.     

Hadron potentials within the gauge/string correspondence

It is known, since the 70s, that the large N 't Hooft limit of gauge theories is related to string theories. In 1998, J. M. Maldacena identified precisely such a relation: the so-called AdS/CFT correspondence which speculates a duality between a large N strongly-coupled supersymmetric and conformal Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions and a weakly-coupled string theory defined in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter AdS₅ space-time. This review aims at introducing concepts and methods used to derive, in the framework of the gauge/string correspondence, the interaction potentials of mesons and baryons at zero and finite temperature. The dual string configurations associated with the different kinds of hadrons are described and their behaviours at short and large distances are understood. Although the application of Maldacena's AdS/CFT conjecture to QCD is not straightforward, QCD being neither supersymmetric nor conformal, the AdS/QCD correspondence approach attempts to identify the dual theory of QCD. Especially, the study of heavy quark-antiquark bound-states leads to establish general dual criteria for the confinement.     

高限制等离子体表面波槽形结构

基于等离子体表面波的物理机理,提出一种具有高限制因子的二维亚波长槽形结构.该结构能在二维上都限制在亚波长尺寸,其能量主要限制在芯区中,当芯区横截面尺寸为200 nm×800 nm,能量限制因子高达98.5%,横向模式尺寸近似于芯区宽度;当金属墙厚度大于截止厚度,横向模式尺寸能够达到深亚波长尺寸.该结构的基模分量Ex限制在芯区中,而分量Ey只在矩形介质芯区四个与金属接触的直角处被激励,并且关于x轴、y轴具有反对称性.     

Some Comments on Quantum Magnetic Monopoles

In this paper we intend to present some path-integral studies in the problem of confinement in the presence of fermionic and scalar magnetic monopole fields through:

Runaway reaction due to gas-dynamic choking in solid explosive containing a single crack

This work predicts the critical conditions required for the onset of reaction runaway in a narrow high-explosive slot intended to simulate a crack. A model is developed where slot pressurization is attributed to gas-dynamic choking at the slot exit. The combination of the choking and a pressure-dependent reaction rate is shown to be capable of predicting runaway reaction for a range of slot dimensions and pressures, even when the explosive regression is considered. This model agrees with experimental pressure measurements of reaction runaway in slots and provides a mechanism for the erratic burning observed with some explosives under high pressure.