触变性流体在振荡载荷作用下的响应

采用Moore型触变性流体本构方程，研究了振荡载荷作用下的应力响应．发现：(1)稳态情况下，描述流体内部结构状态的参量为时间的周期函数；(2)剪应力和剪应变率之间关系为一闭合的滞后环。     

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE AND THE COMPLETE STRESS-STRAIN RELATION FOR MESOSCOPIC HETEROGENEOUS ROCK UNDER UNIAXIAL TENSILE LOADING

The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irreversible changes of their microscopic structures due to microcrack growth. The complete stress-strain relation including linear elasticity, nonlinear hardening, rapid stress drop and strain softening was obtained. The influence of all microcracks with different sizes and orientations were introduced into the constitutive relation by using the probability density function describing the distribution of orientations and the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes. The influence of Weibull distribution describing the distribution of orientations and Rayleigh function describing the distribution of sizes on the constitutive relation were researched. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.     

冲击载荷作用下弹塑性板的反常动力响应研究

对弹塑性方板在横向脉冲载荷作用下动力响应的反直观行为进行了数值模拟及分析,给出了产生反直观行为的载荷范围和对相关问题的探讨。详细的分析发现,随着脉冲强度的增加,在几个窄的载荷区域,板的响应是反直观的,而且在此附近,结构参数、载荷等因素的微小改变将导致响应模式的很大差异,表明反直观行为对这些参数的敏感性。进一步的计算表明,这一特殊的动力行为主要与板的内力间的相互耦合作用密切相关,同时,卸载后的结构反弹到另一侧时发生较大的反向塑性变形,导致能量的进一步耗散,使板呈现反常的动力响应,这一现象是几何与材料两种非线性相互作用的结果。     

Localized solutions to the nonlinear wave equation for flexural motions of an elastic beam traveling in an air-filled tube

Steady-progressive-wave solutions are sought to the nonlinear wave equation derived previously [J. Fluids Struct. 16 (2002) 597] for flexural motions of an elastic beam traveling in an air-filled tube along its center axis at a subsonic speed. Fluid-structure interactions are taken into account through aerodynamic loading on the lateral surface of the beam subjected to small but finite deflection but end effects and viscous effects are neglected. Linear dispersion characteristics are first examined by exploiting the small ratio of the induced mass to the mass of the beam per unit length. Centered around the traveling speed of the beam, there exists such a narrow range of propagation velocity that the linear steady propagation is prohibited. In this range, it is revealed that some interesting nonlinear solutions exist. The periodic wavetrain is found to exist as the exact solution. Asymptotic analysis is then made by applying the method of multiple scales and the stationary nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived for a complex amplitude. A monochromatic solution to this equation corresponds to the exact periodic solution. Imposing undisturbed boundary conditions at infinity, it is revealed that the localized solution exists as a result of balance between the linear instability and the nonlinearity. This solution is checked by solving the nonlinear equation numerically. It is further revealed that the amplitude-modulated wavetrain exists not only in the range of the velocity mentioned above but also outside of it.     

自动消除载荷偏心影响的引伸计研究

本文基于拉伸圆截面试样圆周上各点的应变分析，提出一种自动消除载荷偏心影响的引伸计。该引伸计结构简单、可靠、使用方便。特别是在测定金属杨氏模量中更为适用。用电测实验对比校核的数据表明，自动消除载荷偏心影响引伸计安装在不同位置上测量的相对误差不超过０．５％。     

薄板结构的安定性分析

本文关于薄板的分析采用样条函数插值及结构中的残余应力场用温度参数模拟，解决了薄板结构在交变载荷作用下的安定问题。由于温度参数的引用，使得研究的问题的自由度大幅度减少，文中还对薄板的Ｍｉｓｅｓ型屈服函数进行了线性化处理，它是安定定理的求解线性化的基础，算例表明本文所提出的方法及程序的可行和有效。     

Thermal loading induced near-infrared broadband upconversion emission of Sm-doped β-NaYbF4 nano-phosphors

A non-closed hydrothermal synthetic processing is improved to synthesize Sm³⁺ doped β-NaYbF₄ nano-phosphors at 98 °C without any high-temperature and high-pressure treatments as a final step. Novel green, red, and near-infrared broadband (799-873 nm) upconversion emissions of Sm³⁺-doped β-NaYbF₄ nano-phosphors under 980 nm excitation are observed. These UC emissions can be assigned to the Sm³⁺ transitions of ⁴G_J, ⁴F_3/2 and ⁶F_11/2→⁶H_J. The half-width of 873 nm emission band is broadened nearly two-fold through the annealing treatment for nano-phosphors. The upconversion process in Yb³⁺-Sm³⁺ system is discussed based on energy transfer mechanisms.     

Electromechanical cracking in ferroelectrics driven by large scale domain switching

Experimental results indicate three regimes for cracking in a ferroelectric double cantilever beam (DCB) under combined electromechanical loading. In the loading, the maximum amplitude of the applied electric field reaches almost twice the coercive field of ferroelectrics. Thus, the model of small scale domain switching is not applicable any more, which is dictated only by the singular term of the crack tip field. In the DCB test, a large or global scale domain switching takes place instead, which is driven...     

Correlation between microstructure and property of electroless deposited Pt counter electrodes on plastic substrate for dye-sensitized solar cells

Flexible Pt counter electrodes (CEs) were prepared on indium-doped tin oxide coated polyethylene naphthalate (ITO-PEN) substrate by electroless deposition. The correlation between the microstructure and the property of the Pt CEs was investigated. Results showed that isolated Pt nanoparticles were uniformly distributed on the ITO surface at a short deposition duration, and then grew with the deposition duration, leading to the interconnection of adjacent Pt nanoparticles. The interconnection of Pt nanoparticles was beneficial to the electrical property of the Pt CEs, while it was unfavorable to the electrocatalytic property of the Pt CEs. A microstructure model was proposed to explain the correlation between the microstructure and the property of the Pt CEs. In addition, the Pt CEs showed low charge transfer resistance (1.66-0.58 Ω cm²), which was comparable to that (1.16 Ω cm²) of the conventional sputtered Pt CE. The high electrocatalytic property of the electroless deposited Pt CEs makes the assembled DSCs present comparable energy conversion efficiency of the DSCs using sputtered Pt CE.     

基于三种气化炉的整体煤气化湿化燃气轮机循环热力性能分析

将燃料湿化和空气湿化应用到整体煤气化燃气轮机循环中,以降低NOx排放并有效利用系统低品位热。基于水煤浆、干煤粉及输运床三种气化炉,构建了多种整体煤气化湿化燃气轮机循环,分析了其热力性能并给出了湿化方式建议。研究表明：燃料湿化循环系统效率较高;空气湿化循环燃气轮机比功较大;整体煤气化湿化燃气轮机循环具有利用系统外部中低品...