断层破碎带中的透镜体及透镜体力学效应初步研究

断层破碎带中的透镜体及透镜体力学效应研究在文献中不多见。但是许多断层尤其是扭性断层中的透镜体非常发育,这些透镜体往往控制断层破碎带的强度大小和变形破坏机理,是工程岩体中必须重视的工程地质力学问题。作者经研究认为:(1)透镜体类型多种;(2)透镜体周边一般具断层泥线或泥膜分布;(3)透镜体内具有节理裂隙系统;(4)透镜体周边可以当作结构面或软弱结构面看待;(5)透镜体本身可以作为一个复合结构体看待。在原位力学试验中也揭示了断层泥透镜体在原位剪切试验和单轴压缩试验中的若干力学行为,其表现是:(1)透镜体周边具有结构面力学效应;(2)断层泥透镜体控制着强度大小、变形破坏机理。     

The application of a transformational zone method to the calculation of radiation heat transfer inside a piston-cylinder system

A radiation heat transfer analysis has been formulated for the space inside an internal combustion engine cylinder using the principles of the Hottel zone and transformational zone methods. The space analyzed has a variable length resulting from the piston movement. The analysis presented here is for radiation in piston-cylinder systems of known temperatures of radiation gas, and internal surfaces of cylinder, head, and piston. Radiative emissions of the radiation gas in the shape of rings were determined on the basis of Stasiek's principle of surface transformation. The results obtained demonstrate the present approach satisfactorily, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, the division of the analyzed volume into infinitely small elements along the axial direction has significantly simplified the calculations in comparison with the conventionally employed classical Hottel zone method.     

Modeling and Analysis of Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Eastern Cap-Bon, Tunisia

A numerical model that treats density-dependent variably saturated flow and miscible salt transport is used to investigate the occurrence of seawater intrusion in the Korba aquifer of the eastern coast of Cap-Bon in northern Tunisia. We examine the interplay between pumping regimes and recharge scenarios and its effect on the saline water distribution. More localized simulations are used to examine, in vertical cross sections, the effects of well location and soil type and the role of the vadose zone in possible remediation actions. The exploratory simulations suggest interesting interactions between the unsaturated zone and the saltwater–freshwater interface with possible implications for groundwater exploitation from shallow unconfined coastal aquifers, involving in one case feedback between seawater intrusion and the high pressure head gradients around the pumping-induced drawdown cone and in another case threshold-like interface displacement for tight soils such as clays. The data processing steps undertaken in this GIS and modeling study are described in some detail, and a critical assessment is given of the data availability and of the requirements for successful monitoring and modeling of seawater intrusion risks in heavily exploited coastal aquifers such as those found in the semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. It is shown how, with the aid of GIS, reasonably reliable information can be assembled from maps, surveys, and other sources of geospatial and hydrogeological data, an approach that is necessary in the many regions of the world with acute water resource problems but with limited means for undertaking systematic data acquisition and environmental monitoring actions. Nonetheless the need for more concerted monitoring of relevant parameters and processes and of closer coordination between monitoring and modeling is stressed. An idea of the extent of over-exploitation of the Korba aquifer is obtained by examining the pumping and rainfall/infiltration data, and the simulation results support groundwater pumping as the mechanism for and seawater intrusion as the origin of the salt contamination observed in the soils and subsurface waters of the Korba plain.     

Numerical and experimental study of turbulent impinging twin-jet flow

The two dimensional impinging circular twin-jet flow with no-cross flow is studied numerically and experimentally. The theoretical predications are carried out through numerical procedure based on finite volume method to solve the governing mass, momentum, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate. The parameters studied were jet Reynolds number (9.5 × 10⁴  Re  22.4 × 10⁴), nozzle to plate spacing (3  h/d  12), nozzle to nozzle centerline spacing (l/d = 3, 5 and 8) and jet angle (0°  θ  20°). It is concluded that the stagnation primary point moves away in the radial main flow direction by increasing the jet angle. This shift becomes stronger by increasing the nozzle to nozzle centerline spacing (l/d). A secondary stagnation point is set up between two jets. The value of pressure at this point decreases by decreasing Reynolds number and/or increasing the jet angle.

The sub atmospheric region occurs on the impingement plate. It increases strongly by increasing Reynolds number and decreases as the jet angle and/or a nozzle to plate spacing increases. The spreading of jet decreases by increasing nozzle to plate spacing. The intensity of re-circulation zone between two jets decreases by increasing of h/d and jet angle. The increase of turbulence kinetic energy occurs within high gradient velocity.     

Mechanism of Fatigue-Crack Growth under Compressive External Stresses

A specimen with a crack shaped like a thin long defect with parallel edges and a rounded tip of finite radius is considered. When the specimen is subjected to compressive cyclic loads, the stresses in zones adjacent to the crack tip vary according to a sign-variable cycle because of plastic strains occurring at the crack tip. This can cause fatigue-crack growth. Results of numerical simulations and experimental data support the possibility of fatigue-crack growth in the field of compressive external stresses. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 108–115, November–December, 2005.     

基于吸力量测确定膨胀土活动带和裂隙深度

采用M itchell公式和裂隙扩展深度方程两种吸力法确定安康地区膨胀土大气影响深度和裂隙开展深度。其一通过对安康地区两处天然边坡开挖观测井,利用张力计进行不同深度处吸力值的现场量测,根据M itchell提出公式计算大气影响深度;其二根据非饱和土抗拉强度公式,建立膨胀土裂隙扩展深度方程,利用基质吸力量测结果求其理论解。结果表明,安康地区膨胀土吸力变化曲线随深度增加变幅减小,呈“波浪式”推移。M itchell公式确定安康地区膨胀土的大气影响深度为3.35m以内,裂隙深度方程确定裂隙开展深度为3.06³.14m。利用M itchell公式计算大气影响深度与膨胀土断裂理论公式确定的裂隙开展深度结果接近。     

中国沿海地质环境与区域持续发展的若干问题探讨

本文分析了中国沿海岩石圈动力学的基础特征, 指出中国东部沿海地质环境与灾害存在南北分异的格局, 阐述了沿海区域工程地质环境的基本规律, 并通过全球及中国近百年海平面变化, 以及人类工程活动对河口海岸地质环境影响的分析, 对沿海地区未来的地质环境与灾害趋向做了初步评估, 并认为中国沿海21世纪的环境与发展将面临严峻的挑战, 特别是环渤海地区。最后, 对影响沿海区域发展的若干问题进行了初步探讨并提出了几点建议。     

点群10mm十次对称二维准晶中的两类接触问题

采用复变函数法探讨了在一个刚性压头作用下十次对称二维准晶材料的两类接触问题,即具有有限摩擦的接触问题以及粘结接触问题.特别地对于平底压头,获得了表征声子场和相位子场的全纯函数的显式表达式,以及在压头上的接触应力分布.结果显示,对于具有有限摩擦的接触问题,接触应力在接触区边缘具有实指数奇异性-1／2±β,其中β由准晶体的材料常数及静摩擦系数确定;而对于粘结接触问题,接触应力在接触区边缘具有振荡型奇异性-1／2±iε,其中ε由准晶体的材料常数确定.     

Analysis of the Mechanism of Counter-current Spray Drying

Results of experimental investigations of the effect of drying and atomization parameters on counter-current spray drying are discussed. Based on 96 experimental tests, the local and global distributions of velocity, temperature, drying air humidity and moisture content of material dried in the drying tower were determined. Analysis of the results showed that the process of agglomeration during counter-current spray drying depended mainly on air temperature in the atomization zone.     

非均匀铁弹畴变对离面极化压电陶瓷应力强度因子的影响研究

基于文献中报道的试验结果，本文考虑非均匀的畴变过程区，它包含一个位于中心的饱和区和环绕饱和区的渐变区．为了描述外加应力引起的部分铁弹畴变，本文采用一个显式的基于最小能量原理的非均匀畴变准则．考虑离面极化的压电陶瓷，假设其初始极化矢量平行于离面方向．畴变后的电畴位于面内，具体方位由最大释放功来确定．基于非均匀畴变准则，本文给出了裂尖处非均匀畴变区几何及畴变体积分数的分布．并在静止裂纹和稳态扩展裂纹两种特殊情况下计算了铁弹畴变对裂尖处应力强度因子的影响．结果表明：(1) 静止裂纹尖端处的畴变减小了材料的起裂强度；(2) 准静态稳态裂纹附近的畴变增加了材料的断裂强度．且理论预测的R曲线渐近值与试验结果定量吻合．