全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1594篇 |
免费 | 133篇 |
国内免费 | 46篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 791篇 |
晶体学 | 86篇 |
力学 | 416篇 |
综合类 | 22篇 |
数学 | 93篇 |
物理学 | 365篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 30篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 62篇 |
2013年 | 89篇 |
2012年 | 71篇 |
2011年 | 76篇 |
2010年 | 68篇 |
2009年 | 89篇 |
2008年 | 92篇 |
2007年 | 82篇 |
2006年 | 95篇 |
2005年 | 104篇 |
2004年 | 85篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 61篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1773条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
提出分析中心裂纹板剪切断裂的断裂过程区D-B模型的叠加原理,考虑了压剪断裂的摩擦阻力和体现有限权宽影响的载荷修正,以非常简便的方法推导出计算断裂过程区长度和位移的公式。 相似文献
122.
C.W. Tan Y.C. Chan Bernard N.W. Leung John Tsun Alex C.K. So 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2005,43(2):374
For the packaging of a pump laser in butterfly package, the most crucial assembly step is the fiber-to-laser diode coupling and attachment. The use of laser welding as the joining method offers several advantages if compared with the adhesive joints: strong joining strength, short process time and less contamination. This paper reports on laser welding process characteristics; weld strength and its fracture mode. The penetration depth and melt area of laser spot welds were found to be complicated functions of laser pulse energy, intensity, and beam diameter. Effects of pulse width, input power and size of the focal spot on the rate of energy input to the workpieces and consequently, the weld strength were reported. The weld strength was found to be dependent on the overlapping area between the two joining materials. Surface roughness, Ra, has influence on the fraction of energy absorbed, A, and therefore, affecting the penetration depth. Thermal analysis was carried out on the laser-welded joints and its heat-affected zone (HAZ) induced by various power densities was examined. These data are important in order to optimize and utilize the laser welding process as an effective manufacturing tool for fabrication of reliable pump laser. 相似文献
123.
A. Alsaad A. Ahmad 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,54(2):151-156
First-principles calculations are performed to compute the e33
piezoelectric coefficients of GaN, ScN and (ScxGa1-xN) alloys
exhibiting an alternation of hexagonal GaN, with hexagonal ScN along the c-axis. For Sc compositions larger than 50%, each atom has nearly five nearest
neighbors (i.e., the ground state exhibits a phase that is five-fold
coordinated). On the other hand, Sc-deficient (Sc, Ga) N alloys adopt a
ground-state that is four-fold coordinated). The magnitude of e33 in
the Sc-deficient ideally ordered (Sc0.25Ga0.75N) is found to be larger
than the magnitude of the corresponding e33 coefficients resulting from
the compositional weighted average over the hexagonal (h-ScN) and the wurtzite (w-GaN) parent compounds. On the other hand, the e33 coefficients of the Sc-rich
ordered (Sc0.75Ga0.25N) is found to be negligibly small. In addition, e33
piezoelectric coefficients in ordered (Sc0.5Ga0.5N) exhibit quite
large magnitudes, due to the nonpolar to polar transition occurs at Sc composition x = 0.5, and thus can bridge the corresponding coefficients of (Ga, In) N and
ferroelectric alloys. The microscopic origins for this huge enhancement in
the piezoelectric behavior in Sc-low and Sc-intermediate alloys and the role
of each atom are revealed and discussed. 相似文献
124.
Crystal growth,structure and optical properties of Pr~(3+) -doped yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystals 下载免费PDF全文
《中国物理 B》2021,30(7):78103-078103
The development of blue semiconductor light-emitting diodes(LEDs) has produced potential applications for Prdoped materials that can absorb blue light, especially crystals, and we now report structure and optical properties for high-quality Pr-doped single crystals of yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ) grown by the optical floating zone(FZ) method.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Raman spectroscopy showed that all of the single crystal samples were in the cubic phase,whereas the corresponding ceramic samples contained a mixture of monoclinic and cubic phases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) spectroscopy showed that Pr was present as the Pr~(3+) ion in ceramic rods and single crystals after heating to high temperatures. The absorption and photoluminescence excitation(PLE) spectra of the Pr-doped YSZ crystals measured at room temperature showed strong absorption of blue light, while their photoluminescence(PL) spectra showed five emission peaks at 565 nm, 588 nm, 614 nm, 638 nm, and 716 nm under450 nm excitation. The optimum luminescence properties were obtained with the crystal prepared using 0.15 mol% Pr_6O_(11),and those with higher concentrations showed evidence of quenching of the luminescence properties. In addition, the color purity of Pr-doped YSZ single crystal reached 98.9% in the orange–red region. 相似文献
125.
Results of an investigation of in situ measurements of laser‐beam intensity Is and Im transmitted through aqueous ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) solutions saturated at 30 °C and water, respectively, and temperature Ts of solution and Tm of water during feeding of antisolvent acetone at different rates RA, using an indigenously designed experimental setup, are presented and discussed. It was found that: (1) for the measurement of MSZW, defined as the maximum volume fraction of acetone content Δxmax in the solution, obtained from temperature measurements are more reliable than transmitted laser‐beam intensity measurements for solutions, (2) two minima ΔTmin1 and ΔTmin2 associated with endothermic reactions, separated by a maximum ΔTmax due to exothermic reactions appear in the plots of temperature difference ΔT = Ts−Tm against acetone feeding time t, and (3) in the ΔT(t) plots there are time intervals Δt of constant rates RT of increase in ΔT of aqueous ADP solutions, and these values of RT increase linearly with acetone feeding time rate RA. The experimental data on the observed dependence of MSZW on antisolvent feeding rate RA, the appearance of minima ΔTmin1 and ΔTmin2 and maximum ΔTmax and their dependence on RA, and the relationship between RT and RA are discussed from consideration of processes of nucleation and growth of crystallites. 相似文献
126.
A simple method is introduced in this study to better understand the growth process of hemihydrate phosphoric acid crystals. Using the proposed approach, large particles (>2 mm) can be produced reflecting the true state of the phosphoric acid particulate system. In contrast to previous studies, the principles for the crystallization curves were divided into two regions, based on the consumption of the phosphoric acid in solution. To maintain a constant crystal growth rate, a programmed cooling requirement was needed. In this reported study, the influence of a complexing agent (EDTA) on the crystallization process of phosphoric acid was also investigated. The results of this study showed that the presence of EDTA affected the metastable zone widths, as well as the kinetics of crystal growth. 相似文献
127.
《Electrophoresis》2017,38(3-4):452-459
A new detector, silvering detection window and in‐capillary optical fiber light‐emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detector (SDW‐ICOF‐LED‐IFD), is introduced for capillary electrophoresis (CE). The strategy of the work was that half surface of the detection window was coated with silver mirror, which could reflect the undetected fluorescence to the photomultiplier tube to be detected, consequently enhancing the detection sensitivity. Sulfonamides (SAs) are important antibiotics that achieved great applications in many fields. However, they pose a serious threat on the environment and human health when they enter into the environment. The SDW‐ICOF‐LED‐IFD‐CE system was used to determine fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled sulfadoxine (SDM), sulfaguanidine (SGD) and sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMM‐Na) in environmental water. The detection results obtained by the SDW‐ICOF‐LED‐IFD‐CE system were compared to those acquired by the CE with in‐capillary optical fiber light‐emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detection (ICOF‐LED‐IFD‐CE). The limits of detection (LODs) of SDW‐ICOF‐LED‐IFD‐CE and ICOF‐LED‐IFD‐CE were 1.0–2.0 nM and 2.5–7.7 nM (S/N = 3), respectively. The intraday (n = 6) and interday (n = 6) precision of migration time and corresponding peak area for both types of CE were all less than 0.86% and 3.68%, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was judged by employing standard addition method, and recoveries obtained were in the range of 92.5–102.9%. The results indicated that the sensitivity of the SDW‐ICOF‐LED‐IFD‐CE system was improved, and that its reproducibility and accuracy were satisfactory. It was successfully applied to analyze SAs in environmental water. 相似文献
128.
数值计算表明,逆向多环形分布射流可造成颗粒能直接进入,并能进行强烈的动量、能量交換的理想的迴流区结构。多环形结构可在大范围內造成所需尺寸的迴流区。逆向射流和主流速度比、环直径、射流直径和孔数、环的结构形式及离燃烧室进口的距离是影响迴流特性的主要参数。 相似文献
129.
130.
In this paper, a rapid and effective method based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was established for the trace analysis of microcystin (MC) isomers in crude algae sample. The experimental conditions including the composition, acidity and concentration of buffer, separation voltage, injection time, and MS detection parameters were investigated in detail. A capillary separation system was as follows: a uncoated fused-silica capillary tube (50 μm i.d. × 90 cm), 40 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate solution (pH 9.86) as running buffer, 25 kV as separation voltage, 20 kV × 3 s water first and 20 kV × 20 s for sample injection. Mass analysis was performed in ESI source, with sheath gas temperature 150 °C, sheath gas pressure 10 psi, and sheath gas flow 6 L min−1. And sheath liquid was 7.5 mmol L−1 acetic acid in 50% isopropanol-water (3 μL min−1). Protonation and ammonium adduct molecular ions m/z 506.9 (MC-LR) and 532.0 (MC-YR) were used for the quantification of MCs. Under these conditions, two MCs were baseline separated within 9 min, the calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.11-10.0 μg mL−1 and 0.16-10.5 μg mL−1 for MC-LR and MC-YR, respectively. Meanwhile, limits of detection were 0.05 and 0.08 μg mL−1 for MC-LR and MC-YR, respectively. The recoveries for the two MCs were in the range of 95.8-108%. The developed approach had been successfully applied to the analysis of MCs in crude algae samples. 相似文献