基于高光谱分析的玉米叶片氮含量分层诊断研究

为了明确不同生育时期进行玉米氮素营养诊断的叶片层位,建立准确稳健的玉米氮素营养诊断模型,以达到合理追施氮肥,提高氮肥利用率的目的。试验采用单因素盆栽试验设计,以玉米（郑单958）为研究对象,应用高光谱技术,分析了不同氮营养水平下不同生育时期不同层位玉米叶片的氮含量分布和变化规律及光谱响应特征;并依据叶片氮含量与光谱反射率的相关关系,叶片氮含量与全波段(400～2 000 nm)任意两两波段组合构建的比值光谱指数(RSI)的回归关系,初步确定了不同生育时期进行氮素营养高光谱诊断的目标叶片,筛选出最优的比值光谱指数,建立了叶片氮素含量估算模型。结果表明：玉米叶片氮含量：上层>中层>下层;随着玉米的生长,在低氮条件下上层叶片氮含量呈先减少后增加（追肥）再减少趋势,在高氮条件下呈减少趋势,中下层叶片氮含量呈递减趋势。六叶期下层玉米叶片光谱反射率敏感范围较大,相关性较强;九叶期和灌浆期上层玉米叶片的光谱反射率敏感范围较广,相关性较强;开花吐丝期中层叶片的光谱反射率敏感范围较大,相关性较强。六叶期选取下层叶作为诊断目标叶,选取最佳比值光谱指数RSI(1 811, 1 842)建立线性估算模型,九叶期和灌浆期选取上层叶片作为诊断目标叶,选取的最佳比值光谱指数分别为RSI(720, 557),RSI(600, 511)建立线性估算模型,开花吐丝期选取中层叶片作为诊断目标叶,选取比值光谱指数RSI(688, 644)建立线性估算模型。研究结果可为快速准确地利用光谱技术进行玉米叶片氮素营养诊断提供理论依据。     

Junction configurations and their impacts on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells performances

One dimension solar cells simulator package (SCAPS) is used to study the possibility of carrying out thin CIGS solar cells with high and stable efficiency. In the first step, we modified the conventional ZnO:B/i-ZnO/CdS/SDL/CIGS/Mo structure by substituting the SDL layer with the P?+?layer, having a wide bandgap from 1 to l.12?eV. Then, we simulated the J-V characteristics of this new structure and showed how the electrical parameters are affected. Conversion efficiency of 18.46% is founded by using 1.1?μm of P?+?layer thickness. Secondly, we analyze the effect of increase thickness and doping density of CIGS, CdS and P?+?layers on the electric parameters of this new structure. We show that only the short-circuit current density (J_SC) and efficiency are improved, reaching respectively 34.68?mA/cm² and 18.85%, with increasing of the acceptors density. Finally, we introduced 10?nm of various electron reflectors at the CIGS/Mo interface in the new structure to reduce the recombination of minority carriers at the back contact. High conversion efficiency of 23.34% and better stability are obtained when wide band-gap BSF is used.     

A perfectly matched layer for finite-element calculations of diffraction by metallic surface-relief gratings

We introduce a perfectly matched layer approach for finite element calculations of diffraction by metallic surface-relief gratings. We use a non-integrable absorbing function which allows us to use thin absorbing layers, which reduces the computational time when simulating this type of structure. In addition, we numerically determine the best choice of the absorbing layer parameters and show that they are independent of the wavelength.     

Scattering of Tollmien-Schlichting waves as they pass over forward-/backward-facing steps

Forward-/backward-facing steps in boundary-layer flows are often seen in engineering applications, and they have potential impacts on laminar-turbulent transition through scattering of the oncoming instability modes(e.g., Tollmien-Schlichting(T-S) waves). This issue is studied in the present paper by applying a local scattering framework, which is a rather generic mathematical framework on describing the mode scattering process. In this framework, a high-Reynolds-number triple-deck formalism is employed, and a transmission coefficient, defined as the ratio of the asymptotic amplitude of the instability mode downstream of the step to that upstream, is introduced. Through the systematical study, it has been found that both the forward-and backward-facing steps have a destabilizing effect on the oncoming T-S waves in subsonic boundary layers, this effect increases with the height of the step and/or the frequency of the T-S wave, and a backward-facing step(BFS) always has a greater impact than a forward-facing step(FFS). These facts agree with most of the previous investigations.However, one numerical study(WORNER, A., RIST, U., and WAGNER, S. Humps/steps influence on stability characteristics of two-dimensional laminar boundary layer. AIAA Journal, 41, 192–197(2003)), which was based on an ad-hoc configuration, showed an opposite impact of an FFS. Through the investigation on the specific configuration, it is revealed that the wrong conclusion was drawn by misinterpreting the numerical results.     

An analytical poroelastic model for laboratorial mechanical testing of the articular cartilage (AC)

The articular cartilage (AC) can be seen as a biphasic poroelastic material. The cartilage deformation under compression mainly leads to an interstitial fluid flow in the porous solid phase. In this paper, an analytical poroelastic model for the AC under laboratorial mechanical testing is developed. The solutions of interstitial fluid pressure and velocity are obtained. The results show the following facts. (i) Both the pressure and fluid velocity amplitudes are proportional to the strain loading amplitude. (ii) Both the amplitudes of pore fluid pressure and velocity in the AC depend more on the loading amplitude than on the frequency. Thus, in order to obtain the considerable fluid stimulus for the AC cell responses, the most effective way is to increase the loading amplitude rather than the frequency. (iii) Both the interstitial fluid pressure and velocity are strongly affected by permeability variations. This model can be used in experimental tests of the parameters of AC or other poroelastic materials, and in research of mechanotransduction and injury mechanism involved interstitial fluid flow.     

超声速流动中非线性EASM湍流模式应用研究

针对超声速复杂流动区域精确模拟的需要,发展了基于k-ω可压缩修正形式的非线性显式代数雷诺应力模式（EASM）,提高了该模式对超声速复杂流动的数值模拟精度。通过对二维超声速凹槽和三维双椭球的数值计算表明,与SA和SST常规线性涡黏性湍流模式比较,非线性的EASM模式对大分离以及剪切层流动结构的刻画能力更精细,对剪切层再附区的压力及摩擦系数分布模拟更加精确;EASM模式能够准确地模拟二次激波引起的压强和热流分布情况。     

原子层沉积：一种多相催化剂“自下而上”气相制备新策略

多相催化剂是极为重要的一类催化剂,在许多重要工业反应中扮演关键角色。然而,传统的湿化学合成手段在很多情况下难以做到对催化剂活性位点的结构、组成以及其周围局部环境的原子级精细调控,继而给优化催化剂性能、理解多相催化机理带来较大的挑战。原子层沉积(ALD)是一种气相催化剂合成技术,其原理是基于两种前驱体蒸汽交替进样并在载体表面上发生分子层面上的“自限制”反应,实现目标材料在载体表面上的精准沉积。利用其分子层面上的“自限制”反应特性,并通过改变沉积周期数、次序和种类等方法可以实现对催化剂活性位结构的原子级精细控制,进而为人们提供了一种催化剂“自下而上”精细可控合成的新策略。在本文中,我们总结了利用ALD方法在负载型单金属和双金属催化剂精细设计方面的进展,讨论了ALD方法在设计高效催化剂方面的特点与优势。特别地,我们总结了利用ALD方法制备单原子和双原子结构金属催化剂的方法与策略。此外,我们总结了利用氧化物可控沉积精准调控金属催化活性中心周围的微环境,从而实现提升催化剂活性、选择性和稳定性的方法。最后我们展望了ALD技术在催化剂制备领域中应用的潜力。