An experimental study of the effect of wall temperature nonuniformity on natural convection in an enclosure heated from the side

An experimental study of natural convection in a parallelepipedal enclosure induced by a single vertical wall is described. The upper half of this wall was warm and the lower half cold. The other enclosure walls were insulated. The temperature and flow measurements were performed in the high Rayleigh number regime (10¹⁰<Ra<5×10¹⁰) by using water as the working fluid. The Rayleigh number was based on the enclosure height and the temperature difference between the warm and the cold part of the driving wall. The flow field featured two flat cells, one filled with warm fluid along the top horizontal wall, and the other filled with cold fluid along the bottom horizontal wall. Each of these cells was surrounded by an additional cell as tall as half the enclosure height. The above flow structure prohibited extensive thermal contact between warm and cold fluid, thus limiting the role of convection on the heat transfer process in the cavity. The findings of this study differ significantly from the findings of previous studies based on the ‘classical’ enclosure model possessing two isothermal vertical walls, the one warm and the other cold, and support the view that the use of ‘more realistic‘ temperature boundary conditions in enclosure natural convection needs careful examination.     

壁面温度在多参数下对平板边界层的影响研究

为了得到壁面温度在不同来流速度、不同湍流强度条件下对边界层转捩与减阻的影响规律,本文采用Transitionk-kl-ω模型对低来流速度下无压力梯度的光滑平板进行了数值模拟。结果表明,随着来流速度的升高,壁温升高所起到的减阻效果更好,即高来流速度对壁面温度更为敏感。当来流处于中高湍流强度下时,壁温升高能起到推迟转捩的作用,且随着湍流强度的升高,转捩推迟的效果越好,但减阻效果正好相反;当来流处于低湍流强度下时,壁温升高会使得转捩提前发生。壁温升高抑制了边界层内流体的脉动程度,使得层流的稳态不易被破坏,流动更加稳定;同时,壁温升高使得边界层内流体的速度梯度减小,从而降低了壁面摩擦系数,故壁温升高能起到推迟边界层转捩与减阻的作用。     

基于超声红外技术对金属管内壁缺陷的检测

为提高管道的运送效率,及时检测排除管道内壁的缺陷非常重要。提出利用超声红外无损检测方法对管道内部进行检测。超声主动热激励试件,高频红外热像仪记录试件表面温度变化,结合了超声摩擦生热和红外热成像的优点。对壁厚约为3.3mm检测难度较大的金属管内壁缺陷进行了检测。通过对采集数据和热图的处理分析,准确快速地确定缺陷所在的位置。实物对比分析表明：超声热激励红外无损检测技术可以对金属管道内壁缺陷进行准确检测定位。     

亚微秒脉冲下高梯度绝缘子的沿面闪络特性

介绍了一种由聚酰亚胺和不锈钢叠加而成的高梯度绝缘子的实验研究工作。该绝缘子样品的直径60 mm,厚度8 mm,在脉冲宽度120 ns(FWHM)的电压脉冲加载下最高获得了接近13 MV/m的绝缘强度。研究了测试方法以及绝缘层厚度与金属层厚度的比例对高梯度绝缘子绝缘强度的影响,并与相同尺寸的普通材料绝缘子的绝缘强度进行了对比。结果表明,高梯度绝缘子的绝缘强度明显高于仅由聚酰亚胺构成的普通绝缘子。     

N_2O的近红外腔增强吸收光谱技术研究

以外腔式可调谐、窄线宽近红外半导体激光为光源,以一对曲率半径r=1 000mm的宽带高反射率平凹镜(反射率R=99.97%)构成的腔长为650mm的对称高精度光学稳定腔,建立了腔增强吸收光谱系统。详细研究了纯净N2O气体、以及N2O和N2的混合气体在不同浓度和不同气压下、中心波长位于6 561.39cm-1的腔增强吸收光谱、光谱强度和谱线宽度,该腔增强吸收光谱系统的有效吸收光程可达1 460km。获得了光谱线宽与气体压强的关系曲线,导出了波数6 561.39cm-1处N2对N2O的压力展宽系数为(0.114±0.004)cm-1·atm-1。采用该腔增强吸收光谱系统,开展了N2O气体检测研究,建立可用于定量检测的N2O气体腔增强吸收光谱强度与气体浓度关系曲线,获得了2.34×10-7cm-1的检测灵敏度,多次重复测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.73%,在微量N2O气体检测中具有很好的应用前景。     

Dirac Fields in 3D de Sitter Spacetime

We show that the Dirac equation is separable in the circularly symmetric metric in three dimensions and when the background spacetime is de Sitter we find exact solutions to the radial equations. Using these results we show that the de Sitter horizon has a cross section equal to zero for the massless Dirac field, as in the case of the scalar field. Also, using the improved brick wall model we calculate the fermionic entropy associated with the de Sitter horizon and we compare it with some results previously published.     

圆形地下连续墙场地地震反应的简化计算方法

首先将水平地震荷载作用沿环向展开为傅立叶级数,利用沿圆周法向和切向两个方向的正交性,再将水平地震荷载转化为一致横向荷载组合,使三维求解问题转变为一系列旋转子午面上二维问题的叠加,进而提出圆形地下连续墙场地地震反应的简化计算方法。之后,采用等效线性化方法来考虑土体非线性性质,进一步将非线性地震反应问题转化为线性问题求解。...     

Contribution to single-point closure Reynolds-stress modelling of inhomogeneous flow

This paper is concerned with recent advances in the development of near wall-normal-free Reynolds-stress models, whose single point closure formulation, based on the inhomogeneity direction concept, is completely independent of the distance from the wall, and of the normal to the wall direction. In the present approach the direction of the inhomogeneity unit vector is decoupled from the coefficient functions of the inhomogeneous terms. A study of the relative influence of the particular closures used for the rapid redistribution terms and for the turbulent diffusion is undertaken, through comparison with measurements, and with a baseline Reynolds-stress model (RSM) using geometric wall normals. It is shown that wall-normal-free rsms can be reformulated as a projection on a tensorial basis that includes the inhomogeneity direction unit vector, suggesting that the theory of the redistribution tensor closure should be revised by taking into account inhomogeneity effects in the tensorial integrity basis used for its representation. PACS 47.32.Fg; 47.85.Gj; 47.27.Eq     

In situ observations of domain wall motion in Mn–Zn and Ni–Zn ferrites by Lorentz microscopy and electron holography

Domain wall motion in Mn–Zn and Ni–Zn ferrites with applied magnetic fields is investigated by in situ observations with Lorentz microscopy and electron holography. It is found that both Mn–Zn and Ni–Zn ferrites have a mean grain size of approximately 10 μm and several pores with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 1.1 μm. In situ observations by Lorentz microscopy with an applied magnetic field reveals that in Mn–Zn ferrite, the domain walls move easily across the grain boundary, while in Ni–Zn ferrite, the domain walls move along the grain boundary but are pinned at the grain boundary and pores. From in situ observations of Ni–Zn ferrite by electron holography, it is clarified that domain wall pinning at the grain boundary retards a sensitive increase in magnetic flux parallel to the applied field direction, which is considered to result in high hysteresis loss.     

耦合双原子Jaynes-Cummings模型的腔场谱H

研究了处于激发态的两原子与高Q腔场相互作用单光子过程的腔场谱,给出了初始光场为光子数态、相干态、压缩真空态时的腔场谱数值计算结果,分析了原子间偶极-偶极相互作用强度gα对腔场谱结构的影响.发现真空场Rabi峰,当gα较弱时为4峰,gα较强时为3峰结构;弱场数态(n＞0)时为5峰,强场时为3峰结构.相干态和压缩真空态时,谱结构与光子数分布有关,一般为复杂的多峰结构.结果表明,gα对峰位峰高都有影响,破坏了谱结构的对称性,但这种影响只在真空场和弱场时才较明显.