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81.
Muhammad M. R. Qureshi Chao Zhu Chao-Hsin Lin Liang-Shih Fan 《中国颗粒学报》2006,4(3):147-152
A three-dimensional simulation study is performed for investigating the hydrodynamic behaviors of a cross-flow liquid nitrogen spray injected into an air-fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) riser of rectangular cross-section. Rectangular nozzles with a fixed aspect ratio but different fan angles are used for the spray feeding. While our numerical simulation reveals a generic three-phase flow structure with strong three-phase interactions under rapid vaporization of sprays, this paper tends to focus on the study of the effect of nozzle fan angle on the spray coverage as well as vapor flux distribution by spray vaporization inside the riser flow. The gas-solid (air-FCC) flow is simulated using the multi-fluid method while the evaporating sprays (liquid nitrogen) are calculated using the Lagrangian trajectory method, with a strong two-way coupling between the Eulerian gas-solid flow and the Lagrangian trajectories of spray. Our simulation shows that the spray coverage is basically dominated by the spray fan angle. The spray fan angle has a very minor effect on spray penetration. The spray vaporization flux per unit area of spray coverage is highly non-linearly distributed along the spray penetration. The convection of gas-solid flow in a riser leads to a significant downward deviation of vapor generated by droplet vaporization, causing a strong recirculating wake region in the immediate downstream area of the spray. 相似文献
82.
三相快速流化床中固体颗粒循环流量的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用快速循环流化床而使粒子、液体处于循环状态操作,粒子不会外溢堆积,可使床层在相对稳定状态下进行工作,从而克服普通三相流化床返混大,转化率低的缺点。 相似文献
83.
84.
Continuous counter-current chromatographic separation has been carried out in a simulated moving bed system (SMB). We have worked with a SMB pilot plant (8 columns, 4.4 litres of resin each) which allows the continuous withdrawal of two different fractions. A mixture of glucose-fructose has been separated. To calculate the concentration profile within the separator an axial dispersed plug flow model and an equilibrium stage model have been employed; software has been created to simulate the behaviour of the separator. The necessary parameters of the mode: the adsorption equilibrium constant, the height equivalent to a theoretical plate and the bed voidage, have been acquired experimentally from elution chromatography measurements. The results calculated by simulation give a good representation of the experimental concentration profiles; other separations like xylitol-arabitol have been simulated. The influence of some factors like desorbent flow-rate, feed flow-rate and the bed voidage have been studied using the software. Once the system has worked in a two withdrawal way, an extension of the pilot plant has been constructed so as to obtain a third one. The necessary parameters of the three withdrawal model will be studied. 相似文献
85.
本文介绍了床面固体颗粒随水流绕过圆柱体时,将在圆柱周围的床面上形成一个无粒子运动区的试验现象。水槽试验结果表明,当固体颗粒的粒径减小时,无粒子区的范围将增大;无粒子区的范围随圆柱直径的增大而增大;水流条件的变化直接影响着床面固体颗粒的运动情况,同无粒子区的形成、消失及范围大小有密切的关系。根据试验资料,结合量纲分析,建立了无粒子区的无量纲经验关系式 相似文献
86.
A fluid flow and heat transfer model has been developed for the reactive, porous bed of the biomass gasifier to simulate pressure drop, temperature profile in the bed and flow rates. The conservation equations, momentum equation and energy equation are used to describe fluid and heat transport in porous gasifier bed. The model accounted for drag at wall, and the effect of radial as well as axial variation in bed porosity to predict pressure drop in bed. Heat transfer has been modeled using effective thermal conductivity approach. Model predictions are validated against the experiments, while effective thermal conductivity values are tested qualitatively using models available in literature. Parametric analysis has been carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters on bed temperature profile and pressure drop through the gasifier. The temperature profile is found to be very sensitive to gas flow rate, and heat generation in oxidation zone, while high bed temperature, gas flow rate and the reduction in feedstock particle size are found to cause a marked increase in pressure drop through the gasifier. The temperatures of the down stream zones are more sensitive to any change in heat generation in the bed as compared to upstream zone. Author recommends that the size of preheating zone may be extended up to pyrolysis zone in order to enhance preheating of input air, while thermal insulation should not be less than 15 cm. 相似文献
87.
Investigation of operational parameters for an industrial CFB combustor of coal, biomass and sludge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manon Van de Velden Jan Baeyens Bill Dougan Alan McMurdo 《中国颗粒学报》2007,5(4):247-254
The combustion of coal and/or biomass (sludge, wood waste, RDF, etc.) in a circulating fluidized bed has been a commercial topper for over 20 years, and references to principles and applications are numerous and widespread although few data are presented concerning the operation of large scale CFB-units. The authors studied the CFB-combustion at UPM-Kymmene (Ayr), a major paper mill relying for its steam production upon the combustion of coal (80-85 %), wood bark (5-10%) and wastewater treatment sludge (5-10%). The maximum capacity of the CFB is 58 MWth. A complete diagnostic of the operation was made, and additional tests were performed to assess the operating mode. The plant schematics, relevant dimensions and process data are given. To assess the operation of the UPM-CFB, it is important to review essential design parameters and principles of CFB combustors, which will be discussed in detail to include required data, heat balance and flowrates, operating versus transport velocity, kinetics and conversion (including the possible effect of the Bouduard reaction if carbon is present). Since the residence time in the riser and the cyclone efficiency determine the burnout of circulating fuel-particles, the UPM-CFB was subjected to a stimulus response technique using nickel oxide as tracer. Results illustrate the efficiency of the cyclone separation and the number of recycle loops for particles of a given size. Results will also be used to assess the cyclone operation and efficiency and to comment upon expected and measured carbon conversion. 相似文献
88.
Hengzhi Chen Dawei Yang Hongzhong Li Shiyu Tan 《中国颗粒学报》2006,4(3):153-159
A pressure balance model for a circulating fluidized bed unit that incorporates a downer has been proposed. The model predictions were validated with the experimental data obtained from a special cold-model circulating fluidized bed. Comparison of the operation stability between a CFB downer and a CFB riser has been carried out. Only one critical gas velocity exists in the CFB-riser for a given riser solids flux, while there can be many critical gas velocities for the operation of a CFB downer. Therefore, it is possible to achieve high solids concentration in a CFB downer if appropriate operating conditions are used. 相似文献
89.
the measurements of flow over non-uniform gravel open channel have been conducted with Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). The experimental results indicate that the distribution of mean velocity agrees well with the Nikuradse's law. From the distributions of resistance coefficient, reference level and turbulence intensity, the classification of small scale roughness case is obtained.Project supported by the National Science Foundation of China 相似文献
90.