基于捕集柱阵列的制备型二维液相色谱纯化烟草中的4个组分

二维液相色谱(2D-LC)因具有较高的峰容量,在复杂样品的分离分析中获得了广泛的关注。然而,制备型2D-LC以纯化高纯单体为目标,在方法开发和设备构成等方面与分析型2D-LC有较大的不同,目前尚未得到充分的开发,在大规模的制备纯化中应用较少。本文以一套制备液相色谱模块为分离系统,以稀释泵、切换阀和捕集柱阵列为接口,构建了新型的制备型2D-LC系统,旨在规模化纯化多个活性成分。以烟叶中可以用作医药原料的烟碱、绿原酸、芦丁和茄尼醇等组分为目标物,考察了不同类型填料对样品的捕集效率、过载条件下的色谱保留行为等,优化了制备色谱条件。进而利用在线2D-LC系统实现了烟叶提取物的纯化,通过一次运行获得了4个高纯化合物。该系统具有中压色谱纯化成本低、系统在线运行自动化程度高、稳定性好及容易放大等优点。烟叶中活性化学成分的回收利用对促进烟草行业的发展及带动地方农业经济开发具有重大的意义。     

Preparation of open tubular capillary column covalently coated with polystyrene sulfonate with 4,4′-Azobis(4-cyanopentanoyl chloride) as polymerization initiator for electrochromatographic separation of alkaloids,sulfonamides, and peptides

An open tubular capillary electrochromatography column covalently bonded with polystyrene sulfonate was prepared via in situ polymerization using functionalized Azo-initiator 4,4′-Azobis(4-cyanopentanoyl chloride). Scanning electron, fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy techniques showed the formation of a relatively rough layer of polymer. In addition, –CN and C = O stretching vibrations from infrared spectroscopy proved the successful immobilization of the azo-initiator through covalent bonding and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of the formed polymer layer. The prepared column was found to be appropriate for small and medium-sized molecules separation. Compared to bare fused silica capillary column higher selectivity and resolution were obtained for the separation of alkaloids, sulfonamides, and peptides as a result of the electrostatic and pi-pi stacking interactions between the small organic molecules and the coated column without compromising the electroosmotic flow mobility. Separation efficiency was also increased compared to the bare capillary for the separation of alkaloids (about 1.5 times). Moreover, intraday, inter-day, intra-batch, and inter-batch relative standard deviation values of retention time and peak area of peptides were within 2% and 10%, respectively, indicating good repeatability of the column preparation procedure. The developed method for the covalent bonding of polymers through a functionalized azo-initiator could represent a promising stable method for the preparation of an open tubular column.     

The effect of ph and gas composition on the bubble fractionation of proteins

Studies were conducted to establish the effect of the variation of environmental factors on the separation occurring in protein systems, resulting from bubble fractionation in a bioreactor. The measure of separation was selected to be the separation ratio. This is defined to be the ratio of either the top or the middle position concentration in the vessel to the bottom concentration of the vessel. Invertase and α-amylase were the two “model” enzymes considered. It was observed that, under certain conditions, i.e., a combination of the nature of the sparging gas and the medium pH, varying degrees of protein separation were achieved. The pH of the system dramatically influenced the separation. It was found that the best separation occurred at a certain pH, assumed to be at or close to thepI of the protein in question. Furthermore, it was observed that systems sparged with CO₂ exhibited greater separation than systems sparged with air. In fact, in the case of invertase, almost threefold separation was observed at the top port when the solution was sparged with CO₂.     

程序涂渍柱“柱效能程序效应”的研究

本文从理论上给出程序柱“柱效能程序效应”的概念并导出了函数关系式,通过计算机可计算柱效能程序效应与柱内各变量之间的关系,实践证明实验数据的变化趋势与理论数据相符。     

酰胺修饰杂化硅胶整体柱的制备及其在莱克多巴胺检测中的应用

以氧化琼脂糖（AG）和四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）为前驱体,通过溶胶－凝胶法制备 AG/SiO2整体柱,利 用酰胺化反应对整体柱进行酰胺基团修饰。通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、N2 吸附－脱附和扫描电镜（SEM）等表征手段对所制备材料的结构和形貌进行分析。结果显示酰胺基团被成功修 饰至整体柱,该材料具有良好的通透性及较大的比表面积。以其为固相微萃取介质对羊肉中的莱克多巴胺进 行萃取富集,在优化的样品前处理条件下,采用基质添加标准曲线法,结合高效液相色谱－紫外（HPLC－ UV）检测,建立了羊肉中痕量莱克多巴胺的分析方法。该方法在 1. 94～1 170 ng/g范围内线性良好,相关系 数（r 2 ）为 0. 993 1,检出限（LOD）和定量下限（LOQ）分别为0. 618、1. 94 ng/g,3个不同加标水平下样品的平均回 收率为86. 6%～103%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 5）为4. 8%～7. 3%。该方法具有检出限低、回收率高、样品用 量少等特点,可用于羊肉中痕量莱克多巴胺的灵敏检测。     

新解色谱现象

在客观分析色谱现象的基础上对色谱分离机理的传统解释提出了质疑和否定,并对色谱分离机理作出了新的解释。通过对色谱现象的研究和分析,不仅确定了一条流体运动的基本规律,还对固定相赋予了新的内涵,提出了能量场固定相的设想。由于对色谱分离原理进行了新的解释,因此对色谱现象提出了一个新的定义。     

新型聚合物多孔涂层毛细管开管柱的制备及电色谱研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为前驱体制备了新型聚合物多孔涂层毛细管开管(PLOT)柱固定相。通过优化聚合反应时间、致孔剂比例及交联剂比例获得了色谱性能良好的PLOT柱,扫描电镜结果显示毛细管柱内的多孔涂层厚度适中且均匀。在毛细管电色谱模式下,PLOT柱以反相色谱分离机理有效分离了中性、酸性和碱性小分子。人血清白蛋白(HSA)共价结合的蛋白亲和PLOT柱对5对手性对映体实现了较好的分离,且其分离度远高于HSA修饰的单层聚合物毛细管开管柱。PLOT柱分离烷基苯的日内、日间和柱间的相对标准偏差分别小于1.7%、4.8%和7.8%。     

全自动免疫亲和在线净化/高效液相色谱法快速高通量测定饲料中黄曲霉毒素

建立了全自动免疫亲和在线净化/高效液相色谱快速高通量测定饲料中黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxins,AFT)的分析方法。饲料样品经乙腈-水(80∶20,体积比)提取,3 g/L Triton X-100水溶液10倍稀释后,用自动进样器注入RIDACREST在线固相萃取系统并流经黄曲霉毒素免疫亲和小柱,以甲醇-水(45∶55,体积比)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L/min,C18色谱柱(150 mm×3.5 mm,5μm)分离,光化学衍生,荧光检测器测定。根据3倍信噪比的峰响应值,确定黄曲霉毒素B1,B2,G1,G2的检出限分别为0.08,0.05,0.18,0.08μg/kg,分别在1~100,0.24~24,0.56~56,0.24~24μg/kg范围内呈线性相关,相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 4,0.999 7,0.999 8和0.999 8;AFT在猪饲料、鸡饲料、宠物饲料和饲料原料4类样品中的加标回收率为72.6%~103%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~4.9%。该方法一次装柱可检测60个样品,液相色谱分析一个样品总的运行时间为15 min,所以1 d可检测70~80个样品,满足饲料中黄曲霉毒素快速高通量准确定量检测的需要。     

Determination of reliable fatigue life predictors for magnetorheological elastomers under dynamic equi-biaxial loading

Fatigue life prediction is of great significance in ensuring magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) based rubber components exhibit reliability and do not compromise safety under complex loading, and this necessitates the development of plausible fatigue life predictors for MREs. In this research, silicone rubber based MREs were fabricated by incorporating soft carbonyl iron magnetic particles. Equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of the fabricated MREs was investigated by using the bubble inflation method. The relationship between fatigue life and maximum engineering stress, maximum strain and strain energy density were studied. The results showed that maximum engineering stress and stored energy density can be used as reliable fatigue life predictors for SR based MREs when they are subjected to dynamic equi-biaxial loading. General equations based on maximum engineering stress and strain energy density were developed for fatigue life prediction of MREs.     

整体柱在线固相微萃取-高效液相色谱法分析爽肤水中痕量雌激素

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、甲醇及正己烷(14∶5,v/v)为二元致孔剂,通过原位聚合反应制备了聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Poly(GMA-co-EDMA))毛细管整体柱。研究表明,制备的Poly(GMA-co-EDMA)整体柱具有良好的通透性和较低的柱压(1.5×106Pa,冲洗流速0.5 mL/min)。该整体柱对雌二醇、炔雌醇、雌酮和己烯雌酚的富集倍数分别为86、116、77和86。构建了整体柱在线微萃取接口装置,建立了整体柱在线固相微萃取-高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定爽肤水中痕量雌二醇、炔雌醇、雌酮和己烯雌酚的分析方法。该分析方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.05~0.20μg/L。将方法应用于爽肤水中雌激素的检测,加标回收率为69.3%~111.3%,RSD5.0%。所建立的方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,可满足爽肤水中痕量雌激素的分析。