Evaluating practical measurements of fire-induced vent flows with stereoscopic PIV

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) was applied to a fire-induced doorway flow to provide the velocity field for computations of the mass flow rate of air into an enclosure. For a flow of uniform temperature and concentration, the technique met all of the requirements to provide the best estimate of the mass flow rate. Simultaneous measurements of vertical distributions of velocity and temperature were also conducted with conventional vent flow techniques, bi-directional probes and thermocouples. Correction factors for mass flow rate computations using the conventional techniques were determined based on comparisons to the SPIV results. An average correction factor of unity was determined for the bi-directional probe technique thus further confirming the utilization of velocity distributions acquired using the technique in mass flow rate computations. An average correction factor of 0.69 was determined for mass flow rates computed from vertical temperature distributions inside and outside the enclosure. This agrees with average correction factors determined in previous studies. The results from the present study suggest that the conventional techniques, which are practical and affordable for routine fire testing, may be applied with greater confidence for fires up to 500 kW.     

The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for the two-velocity difference model

A thermodynamic theory is formulated to describe the phase transition and critical phenomenon in traffic flow.Based on the two-velocity difference model,the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation under certain condition is derived to describe the traffic flow near the critical point through the nonlinear analytical method.The corresponding two solutions,the uniform and the kink solutions,are given.The coexisting curve,spinodal line and critical point are obtained by the first and second derivatives of the thermodynamic potential.The modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equation around the critical point is derived by using the reductive perturbation method and its kink-antikink solution is also obtained.The relation between the TDGL equation and the mKdV equation is shown.The simulation result is consistent with the nonlinear analytical result.     

混合交通流时间序列的去趋势波动分析

应用去趋势波动分析法研究交通流时间序列的复杂性,探讨了混合交通流时间序列演变行为的标度指数.根据标度指数的变化特征,进而揭示交通流时间序列所具有的长程相关性和短程相关性.通过分析发现,存在一密度ρ,当ρ₁<ρ<ρ₂时,交通流时间序列具有长程相关性;而当ρ<ρ₁或ρ>ρ₂时,交通流时间序列具有短程相关性,即密度的变化影响着标度指数的变化.另外分析了在不同慢车比率条件下时间序列的标度指数,发现慢车比率的变化 关键词： 混合交通流 去趋势波动分析 时间序列 长程相关     

考虑意外事件对交通流影响的元胞自动机交通流模型

在NaSh模型的基础上,考虑交通事故和养护路段等意外事件对高速公路交通流的影响,建立了有意外事件影响的在车道管制下的高速公路交通流元胞自动机模型,并进行数值模拟. 研究发现:意外事件对高速公路交通流有明显影响,并且意外事件对交通流的影响在某一密度值范围内尤其明显,且意外事件堵塞点在第一车道比在第二车道对交通流的影响小;同时,在该密度值范围内,意外事件堵塞时间和堵塞路段长度越长,对交通流的影响就越大. 关键词： 元胞自动机 交通流 意外事件     

Digital flow control of electroosmotic pump: Onsager coefficients and interfacial parameters determination

Electroosmosis and streaming potential are two complementary electrokinetic processes related by the Onsager relation. In particular, an electroosmotic pump (EOP) is potentially useful for a variety of engineering and bio-related applications. By fabricating samples consisting of dry-etched cylindrical pores (50 μm in length and 3.5 μm in diameter) on silicon wafers, we demonstrate that the use of digital control via voltage pulses can resolve the flow regulation and stability issues associated with the EOP, so that the intrinsic characteristics of the porous sample medium may be revealed. Through the consistency of the measured electroosmosis (EO) and the streaming potential (SP) coefficients as required by the Onsager relation, we deduce the zeta potential and the surface conductivity, both physical parameters pertaining to the liquid-solid interface.     

微通道局部加热气泡动力学实验研究

实验研究了在水平放置的低高宽比聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)微槽道(300μm×60μm)内的局部位置给予恒定热流密度条件下气泡的核化沸腾、生长和运动情况,实验中的工质采用FC-72,并用真空泵抽至室温下的饱和气压。研究发现微通道内起始沸腾需要比常规槽道更大的壁面过热度,液体流量和加热速率对气泡的生长和运动有很大的影响。     

惯性颗粒所见被动标量统计特性的DNS与模型研究

本文采用DNS方法,对惯性颗粒所见各向同性湍流中具有平均标量梯度的被动标量场统计特性进行了研究。结果表明：惯性对颗粒温度脉动强度,两相温度关联,自相关特性以及颗粒热流与两相交叉热流的统计特性具有明显的影响。在PDF方法的框架下,系统地推导了非等温气固两相流的PDF方程,且基于朗之万随机体系对方程进行了封闭,并利用前面的...     

振荡流热管可视化实验

本文通过振荡流热管可视化实验,研究热管传热性能与流型的变化。实验中可观察到,振荡热管内工质运动通常处于“间歇-振荡”交替运行的状态。随加热功率的增大,间歇时间所占比例逐步减小。随着加热功率的增大,热管内的流型也发生相应变化,实验中主要观察到了泡状流、塞状流、环状流、局部波状流等多种流型。汽泡的生成、长大、聚合、分离和湮...     

射流影响下气固两相流动试验的定量分析

为了研究受限空间内的射流影响下的气固两相流动,本文采用数码颗粒图像测速仪（DpIV）系统测量颗粒分布,并开发了一套用于处理DPIV颗粒图片的算法,可用于准确地定量分析通道内的颗粒分布。使用该算法能够获得颗粒在拍摄平面内的二维相对浓度数据,定量分析该数据发现,在同样的流场条件下,射流对气流场和不同粒径颗粒的影响区域存在明...     

有旋和无旋气固两相湍流的不同结构

了解有旋和无旋突扩气粒两相详细湍流结构对控制燃料-空气混合、火焰稳定以及燃烧污染物生成很重要.周力行等曾经对其中的两相时平均流场和湍流特性进行过雷诺平均的RANS模拟和测量的研究,但是BANS模拟不能给出详细的两相湍流的瞬态结构.本文建立了二阶矩两相亚网格尺度应力模型,对有旋和无旋同轴突扩气粒两相流动进行了双流体大涡模...